|
|
Pronunciation | (IN-dee-əm) |
---|
Appearance | silvery lustrous gray |
---|
|
|
| 114.818(1)[1] |
---|
|
|
|
Atomic number (Z) | 49 |
---|
Group | group 13 (boron group) |
---|
Period | period 5 |
---|
Block | p-block |
---|
Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 |
---|
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 |
---|
|
Phase at STP | solid |
---|
Melting point | 429.7485 K (156.5985 °C, 313.8773 °F) |
---|
Boiling point | 2345 K (2072 °C, 3762 °F) |
---|
Density (near r.t.) | 7.31 g/cm3 |
---|
when liquid (at m.p.) | 7.02 g/cm3 |
---|
Triple point | 429.7445 K, ~1 kPa[2] |
---|
Heat of fusion | 3.281 kJ/mol |
---|
Heat of vaporization | 231.8 kJ/mol |
---|
Molar heat capacity | 26.74 J/(mol·K) |
---|
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1196 |
1325 |
1485 |
1690 |
1962 |
2340 |
|
|
Oxidation states | −5, −2, −1, 0,[3] +1, +2, +3[4] (an amphoteric oxide) |
---|
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.78 |
---|
Ionization energies | - 1st: 558.3 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1820.7 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2704 kJ/mol
-
|
---|
Atomic radius | empirical: 167 pm |
---|
Covalent radius | 142±5 pm |
---|
Van der Waals radius | 193 pm |
---|
Spectral lines of indium |
|
Natural occurrence | primordial |
---|
Crystal structure | body-centered tetragonal |
---|
Speed of sound thin rod | 1215 m/s (at 20 °C) |
---|
Thermal expansion | 32.1 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
---|
Thermal conductivity | 81.8 W/(m⋅K) |
---|
Electrical resistivity | 83.7 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
---|
Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[5] |
---|
Molar magnetic susceptibility | −64.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[6] |
---|
Young's modulus | 11 GPa |
---|
Mohs hardness | 1.2 |
---|
Brinell hardness | 8.8–10.0 MPa |
---|
CAS Number | 7440-74-6 |
---|
|
Discovery | Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1863) |
---|
First isolation | Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1864) |
---|
|
|
Main isotopes[7] |
Decay |
|
abundance |
half-life (t1/2) |
mode |
product |
111In |
synth |
2.8 d |
ε |
111Cd |
113In |
4.28% |
stable |
115In |
95.7% |
4.41×1014 y |
β− |
115Sn |
|
|
Category: Indium | references |