Bismuth is a chemical element . It is element 83 on the periodic table and its symbol is Bi . Its atomic mass is 209. It is only slightly radioactive . The radioactivity is minimal so it is typically seen as nonradioactive. Bismuth is only naturally found as one isotope , which is the almost nonradioactive one. Its radioactivity was predicted by scientists and proven by analyzing the metal. It is in Group 15 on the periodic table.
Quick Facts Pronunciation, Appearance ...
Bismuth, 00 Bi Pronunciation (BIZ -məth ) Appearance lustrous brownish silver 208.98040 (1)[1]
Group group 15 (pnictogens) Period period 6 Block p-block Electron configuration [ Xe ] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 Phase at STP solid Melting point 544.7 K (271.5 °C, 520.7 °F) Boiling point 1837 K (1564 °C, 2847 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 9.78 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 10.05 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 11.30 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 179 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 25.52 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
941
1041
1165
1325
1538
1835
Oxidation states −3, −2, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3 , +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 2.02 Ionization energies 1st: 703 kJ/mol 2nd: 1610 kJ/mol 3rd: 2466 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 156 pm Covalent radius 148±4 pm Van der Waals radius 207 pm Spectral lines of bismuthNatural occurrence primordial Crystal structure rhombohedral [3] Speed of sound thin rod 1790 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 13.4 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 7.97 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity 1.29 µΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic Molar magnetic susceptibility −280.1·10−6 cm3 /mol[4] Young's modulus 32 GPa Shear modulus 12 GPa Bulk modulus 31 GPa Poisson ratio 0.33 Mohs hardness 2.25 Brinell hardness 70–95 MPa CAS Number 7440-69-9 Discovery Arabic alchemists (before AD 1000)
Main isotopes[5]
Decay
abun dance
half-life (t 1/2 )
mode
pro duct
207 Bi
synth
31.55 y
β+
207 Pb
208 Bi
synth
3.68× 105 y
β+
208 Pb
209 Bi
100%
2.01× 1019 y
α
205 Tl
210 Bi
trace
5.012 d
β−
210 Po
α
206 Tl
210m Bi
synth
3.04× 106 y
IT
210 Bi
α
206 Tl
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Bismuth