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Pronunciation | (TUR-bee-əm) |
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Appearance | silvery white |
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| 158.925354(8)[1] |
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Atomic number (Z) | 65 |
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Group | f-block groups (no number) |
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Period | period 6 |
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Block | f-block |
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Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f9 6s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1629 K (1356 °C, 2473 °F) |
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Boiling point | 3396 K (3123 °C, 5653 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 8.23 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 7.65 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 10.15 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 391 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 28.91 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1789 |
1979 |
(2201) |
(2505) |
(2913) |
(3491) |
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Oxidation states | 0,[2] +1,[3] +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.2 (?) |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 565.8 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1110 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2114 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 177 pm |
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Covalent radius | 194±5 pm |
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Spectral lines of terbium |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 2620 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | at r.t. α, poly: 10.3 µm/(m⋅K) |
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Thermal conductivity | 11.1 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | α, poly: 1.150 µΩ⋅m (at r.t.) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic at 300 K |
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Molar magnetic susceptibility | +146000×10−6 cm3/mol (273 K)[4] |
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Young's modulus | α form: 55.7 GPa |
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Shear modulus | α form: 22.1 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | α form: 38.7 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | α form: 0.261 |
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Vickers hardness | 450–865 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 675–1200 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-27-9 |
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Naming | after Ytterby (Sweden), where it was mined |
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Discovery and first isolation | Carl Gustaf Mosander (1843) |
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Category: Terbium | references |