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Pronunciation | (pə-LAY-dee-əm) |
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Appearance | silvery white |
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| 106.42(1)[1] |
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Atomic number (Z) | 46 |
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Group | group 10 |
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Period | period 5 |
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Block | d-block |
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Electron configuration | [Kr] 4d10 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 18 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1828.05 K (1554.9 °C, 2830.82 °F) |
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Boiling point | 3236 K (2963 °C, 5365 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 12.023 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 10.38 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 16.74 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 358 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 25.98 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1721 |
1897 |
2117 |
2395 |
2753 |
3234 |
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Oxidation states | 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5[2] (a mildly basic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.20 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 804.4 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1870 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 3177 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 137 pm |
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Covalent radius | 139±6 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 163 pm |
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Spectral lines of palladium |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 3070 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | 11.8 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 71.8 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 105.4 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[3] |
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Molar magnetic susceptibility | +567.4×10−6 cm3/mol (288 K)[4] |
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Young's modulus | 121 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 44 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 180 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.39 |
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Mohs hardness | 4.75 |
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Vickers hardness | 400–600 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 320–610 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-05-3 |
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Naming | after asteroid Pallas, itself named after Pallas Athena |
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Discovery and first isolation | William Hyde Wollaston (1802) |
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Main isotopes[5] |
Decay |
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abundance |
half-life (t1/2) |
mode |
product |
100Pd |
synth |
3.63 d |
ε |
100Rh |
γ |
– |
102Pd |
1.02% |
stable |
103Pd |
synth |
16.991 d |
ε |
103Rh |
104Pd |
11.1% |
stable |
105Pd |
22.3% |
stable |
106Pd |
27.3% |
stable |
107Pd |
trace |
6.5×106 y |
β− |
107Ag |
108Pd |
26.5% |
stable |
110Pd |
11.7% |
stable |
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Category: Palladium | references |