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Pronunciation | (lew-TEE-shee-əm) |
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Appearance | silvery white |
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| 174.9668(1)[1] |
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Atomic number (Z) | 71 |
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Group | group 3 |
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Period | period 6 |
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Block | d-block |
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Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1925 K (1652 °C, 3006 °F) |
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Boiling point | 3675 K (3402 °C, 6156 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 9.841 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 9.3 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | ca. 22 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 414 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 26.86 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1906 |
2103 |
2346 |
(2653) |
(3072) |
(3663) |
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Oxidation states | 0,[2] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.27 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 523.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1340 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2022.3 kJ/mol
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Atomic radius | empirical: 174 pm |
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Covalent radius | 187±8 pm |
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Spectral lines of lutetium |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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Thermal expansion | poly: 9.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at r.t.) |
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Thermal conductivity | 16.4 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | poly: 582 nΩ⋅m (at r.t.) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[3] |
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Young's modulus | 68.6 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 27.2 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 47.6 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.261 |
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Vickers hardness | 755–1160 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 890–1300 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7439-94-3 |
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Naming | after Lutetia, Latin for: Paris, in the Roman era |
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Discovery | Carl Auer von Welsbach and Georges Urbain (1906) |
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First isolation | Carl Auer von Welsbach (1906) |
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Named by | Georges Urbain (1906) |
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Main isotopes[4] |
Decay |
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abundance |
half-life (t1/2) |
mode |
product |
173Lu |
synth |
1.37 y |
ε |
173Yb |
174Lu |
synth |
3.31 y |
ε |
174Yb |
175Lu |
97.4% |
stable |
176Lu |
2.60% |
3.78×1010 y |
β− |
176Hf |
177Lu |
synth |
6.65 d |
β− |
177Hf |
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Category: Lutetium | references |