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Pronunciation | (UR-bee-əm) |
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Appearance | silvery white |
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| 167.259(3)[1] |
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Atomic number (Z) | 68 |
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Group | f-block groups (no number) |
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Period | period 6 |
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Block | f-block |
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Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f12 6s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1802 K (1529 °C, 2784 °F) |
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Boiling point | 3141 K (2868 °C, 5194 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 9.066 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 8.86 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 19.90 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 280 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 28.12 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1504 |
1663 |
(1885) |
(2163) |
(2552) |
(3132) |
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Oxidation states | 0,[2] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.24 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 589.3 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1150 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2194 kJ/mol
-
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Atomic radius | empirical: 176 pm |
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Covalent radius | 189±6 pm |
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Spectral lines of erbium |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 2830 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | poly: 12.2 µm/(m⋅K) (r.t.) |
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Thermal conductivity | 14.5 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | poly: 0.860 µΩ⋅m (r.t.) |
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Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic at 300 K |
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Molar magnetic susceptibility | +44300.00×10−6 cm3/mol[3] |
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Young's modulus | 69.9 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 28.3 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 44.4 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.237 |
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Vickers hardness | 430–700 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 600–1070 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-52-0 |
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Naming | after Ytterby (Sweden), where it was mined |
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Discovery | Carl Gustaf Mosander (1843) |
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Main isotopes[4] |
Decay |
|
abundance |
half-life (t1/2) |
mode |
product |
160Er |
synth |
28.58 h |
ε |
160Ho |
162Er |
0.139% |
stable |
164Er |
1.60% |
stable |
165Er |
synth |
10.36 h |
ε |
165Ho |
166Er |
33.5% |
stable |
167Er |
22.9% |
stable |
168Er |
27.0% |
stable |
169Er |
synth |
9.4 d |
β− |
169Tm |
170Er |
14.9% |
stable |
171Er |
synth |
7.516 h |
β− |
171Tm |
172Er |
synth |
49.3 h |
β− |
172Tm |
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Category: Erbium | references |