|
|
Pronunciation | (bə-RIL-ee-əm) |
---|
Appearance | white-gray metallic |
---|
|
|
| 9.0121831(5)[1] |
---|
|
|
|
Group | group 2 (alkaline earth metals) |
---|
Period | period 2 |
---|
Block | s-block |
---|
Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 |
---|
Electrons per shell | 2, 2 |
---|
|
Phase at STP | solid |
---|
Melting point | 1560 K (1287 °C, 2349 °F) |
---|
Boiling point | 2742 K (2469 °C, 4476 °F) |
---|
Density (near r.t.) | 1.85 g/cm3 |
---|
when liquid (at m.p.) | 1.690 g/cm3 |
---|
Critical point | 5205 K, MPa (extrapolated) |
---|
Heat of fusion | 12.2 kJ/mol |
---|
Heat of vaporization | 292 kJ/mol |
---|
Molar heat capacity | 16.443 J/(mol·K) |
---|
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1462 |
1608 |
1791 |
2023 |
2327 |
2742 |
|
|
Oxidation states | 0,[2] +1,[3] +2 (an amphoteric oxide) |
---|
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.57 |
---|
Ionization energies | - 1st: 899.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1757.1 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 14,848.7 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
---|
Atomic radius | empirical: 112 pm |
---|
Covalent radius | 96±3 pm |
---|
Van der Waals radius | 153 pm |
---|
Spectral lines of beryllium |
|
Natural occurrence | primordial |
---|
Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
---|
Speed of sound thin rod | 12,890 m/s (at r.t.)[4] |
---|
Thermal expansion | 11.3 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
---|
Thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m⋅K) |
---|
Electrical resistivity | 36 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
---|
Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic |
---|
Molar magnetic susceptibility | −9.0·10−6 cm3/mol[5] |
---|
Young's modulus | 287 GPa |
---|
Shear modulus | 132 GPa |
---|
Bulk modulus | 130 GPa |
---|
Poisson ratio | 0.032 |
---|
Mohs hardness | 5.5 |
---|
Vickers hardness | 1670 MPa |
---|
Brinell hardness | 590–1320 MPa |
---|
CAS Number | 7440-41-7 |
---|
|
Discovery | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798) |
---|
First isolation | Friedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy (1828) |
---|
|
|
|
|
Category: Beryllium | references |