Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
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Gottfried Leibniz, (1 July 1646 [O.S. 21 June – 14 Nuwamban 1716) wani shahararren dan kasar Jamus ne, masanin lissafi, masanin falsafa, masanin kimiyya, kuma jami'in diflomasiyya. Ya shahara a fannin Tarihin Falsafa da kuma Tarihin lissafi. Ya rubuta littattafai da dama a kan Falsafa, theology, kyawawan dabi'u, siyasa, shari'a, tarihi da kuma nazarin tarin harsuna (philology). Har wayau, Leibniz ya bada gudummarsa a physics da kuma takanolaji, kuma ya kalubalanci ayyuka da dama da suka hada da probability theory, kimiyyar halittu (biology), kimiyyar magunguna (medicine), kimiyyar duniya, duwatsu da sammai (geology), kimiyyar mu'amala da kwakwalwa (psychology), kimiyyar harsuna (linguistic), da kuma kimiyyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa (computer science). Bugu da kari, ya bada gudummawarsa a fannin kimiyyar laburare (library science).[1] Gudummawowin da Leibniz ya ba da a dumbin darussa da dama na nan watse acikin kundi iri-iri, acikin dumbin dubunnan haruffa da kuma rubuce rubuce wanda ba'a wallafa su ba. Yayi rubuce-rubucen a harsuna da dama musaman a harsuna Latin, Faransanci da kuma Jamusanci.[2]
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | |||||||
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1713 -
1678 -
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Rayuwa | |||||||
Haihuwa | Leipzig, 1 ga Yuli, 1646 | ||||||
ƙasa | Electorate of Saxony (en) | ||||||
Harshen uwa | Jamusanci | ||||||
Mutuwa | Hanover, 14 Nuwamba, 1716 | ||||||
Makwanci | Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis (en) | ||||||
Yanayin mutuwa | Sababi na ainihi | ||||||
Ƴan uwa | |||||||
Mahaifi | Friedrich Leibniz | ||||||
Mahaifiya | Catharina Schmuck | ||||||
Abokiyar zama | Not married | ||||||
Karatu | |||||||
Makaranta |
Thomasschule zu Leipzig (en) Alte Nikolaischule (Leipzig) (en) (1653 - 1661) Jami'ar Leipzig (1661 - 1666) : Falsafa, Doka University of Jena (en) (1663 - 1663) University of Altdorf (en) (1666 - 1667) | ||||||
Matakin karatu |
Bachelor of Arts (en) Master of Arts (en) Bachelor of Laws (en) habilitation (en) Doctor of Laws (en) Doctor of Philosophy (en) | ||||||
Thesis | Dissertatio de arte combinatoria | ||||||
Thesis director |
Jakob Thomasius (en) Erhard Weigel (en) Bartholomäus Leonhard Schwendendörffer (en) Christiaan Huygens (en) | ||||||
Dalibin daktanci |
Nicolas Malebranche (en) Christian Wolff (en) Jacob Bernoulli (en) | ||||||
Harsuna |
Harshen Latin Jamusanci Faransanci Italiyanci Turanci Dutch (en) Ibrananci | ||||||
Malamai |
Jakob Thomasius (en) Bartholomäus Leonhard Schwendendörffer (en) Erhard Weigel (en) | ||||||
Ɗalibai | |||||||
Sana'a | |||||||
Sana'a | masanin lissafi, masana, physicist (en) , mai falsafa, Mai wanzar da zaman lafiya, Masanin tarihi, librarian (en) , musicologist (en) , mai aikin fassara, music theorist (en) , marubuci, diplomatician (en) , maiwaƙe, injiniya, zoologist (en) , Ma'adani, biologist (en) , geologist (en) , policy advisor (en) , philosopher of law (en) da logician (en) | ||||||
Wurin aiki | Leipzig, Hanover, Altdorf bei Nürnberg (en) , Berlin, Vienna, Wolfenbüttel (en) , Roma, Faris da Landan | ||||||
Employers | Jami'ar Leipzig | ||||||
Muhimman ayyuka |
Discourse on Metaphysics (en) Théodicée (en) integral calculus (en) Stepped Reckoner (en) Q19234609 Monadology (en) Leibniz's notation (en) calculus ratiocinator (en) New Essays on Human Understanding (en) | ||||||
Kyaututtuka |
gani
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Wanda ya ja hankalinsa | Plato, Blaise Pascal, Giordano Bruno (en) , Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Hobbes (en) , Aristotle, Christiaan Huygens (en) , Moshe ben Maimon (en) , Confucius, Francisco Suárez (en) , Nicholas of Cusa (en) , Nicolas Malebranche (en) , Jacob Bernoulli (en) , Benedictus de Spinoza (en) , René Descartes, Augustine na Hippo, Jakob Thomasius (en) , Anselm of Canterbury (en) , Nicolaus Steno (en) , Erhard Weigel (en) , John Amos Comenius (en) , Plotinus (en) , Ramon Llull (en) , Hypatia (en) , Pierre Gassendi (en) , Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (en) , Duns Scotus (en) , Jacques Bénigne Bossuet (en) da Ibn Tufayl (en) | ||||||
Mamba |
Pontifical Academy of Sciences (en) Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (en) Royal Society (en) French Academy of Sciences (en) | ||||||
Fafutuka | Rationalism | ||||||
Imani | |||||||
Addini | Lutheranism (en) | ||||||
A fannin falsafa kuwa, shi wakili ne na gaba a ra'ayoyin rationalism da idealism na karni na 17. A matsayinsa na masanin lissafi, muhimman nasarorinsa sun kasance a wajen bunkasa ra'ayin differential da integral calculus, daban da abunda Isaac Newton ya gano a can baya.[3] Masana lissafi da dama sunyi amanna da ra'ayoyin Leibniz a matsayin ra'ayin da yafi dacewa da lissafin calculus.[4][5][6]
A fannin falsafa da theology, Leibniz yayi fice ta fuskar fata mai kyau, shine; a mukaddimarsa cewa, duniyarmu ta cika iya hankali, duniyar da watakila tafi kowacce duniya da ubangiji ya halitta - Best of all possible worlds, ra'ayin da wasu masana suke suka, irinsu Voltaire, acikin littafansa kamar Candide. Leibniz, tare da René Descartes da Baruch Spinoza sune mutane uku da sukafi kowa tasiri a ra'ayin falsafar rationalism. Ayyukan Leibniz, sun kalubalance ra'ayoyi na zamani, sannan sunyi tasiri sosai akan ra'ayoyin zamunan baya na falsafar analytic philosophy, misali yadda akayi amfani da ma'anar "possible world" a wajen bayanin ra'ayoyin Modality.