Gardasil
Human papillomavirus vaccine / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Gardasil is an HPV vaccine for use in the prevention of certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV).[10][7][8][9][11] It was developed by Merck & Co.[12] High-risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV) genital infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection among women.[13] The HPV strains that Gardasil protects against are sexually transmitted,[14] specifically HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18.[15][16] HPV types 16 and 18 cause an estimated 70% of cervical cancers,[17][18] and are responsible for most HPV-induced anal,[19] vulvar, vaginal,[20] and penile cancer cases.[19] HPV types 6 and 11 cause an estimated 90% of genital warts cases.[21] HPV type 16 is responsible for almost 90% of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers,[22] and the prevalence is higher in males than females.[22] Though Gardasil does not treat existing infection, vaccination is still recommended for HPV-positive individuals, as it may protect against one or more different strains of the disease.[23]
Vaccine description | |
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Target | For Gardasil 9: Human papillomavirus, Types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 |
Vaccine type | Protein subunit |
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Trade names | Gardasil, Gardisil, Silgard, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a607016 |
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Routes of administration | Intramuscular injection |
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The vaccine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2006,[24][25] initially for use in females aged 9–26.[26] In 2007, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended Gardasil for routine vaccination of girls aged 11 and 12 years.[27] As of August 2009, vaccination was recommended for both males and females before adolescence and the beginning of potential sexual activity.[15][6][28] By 2011, the vaccine had been approved in 120 other countries.[29]
In 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a nine-valent version, Gardasil 9, to protect against infection with the strains covered by the first generation of Gardasil as well as five other HPV strains responsible for 20% of cervical cancers (types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58).[6][30][31] In 2018, the FDA approved expanded use of Gardasil 9 for individuals 27 to 45 years old.[32]