South Africa
charu kummwela kwa Afilika / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
South Africa, icho ni Charu cha South Africa, ntcharu icho chili kumwera kwa Africa. Charu ichi chili na mtunda wa makilomita 2,798 (1,739 mi) ndipo chili mumphepete mwa nyanja ya South Atlantic na Indian Ocean;[13][14][15] kumpoto kuli vyaru vya Namibia, Botswana, na Zimbabwe, ndipo kumafumiro gha dazi na kumpoto kwa kumafumiro gha dazi kuli Mozambique na Eswatini. Kweniso charu cha Lesotho chili mukati mwake.[16] Ni caru ca kumwera comene pa caru ca Cikale, ndipo nchigaŵa caciŵiri ico cili na ŵanthu ŵanandi comene kumwera kwa equator. Charu cha South Africa chili na vyakumera na vinyama vinandi. Mu charu ichi muli ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 60 miliyoni. Msumba wa Pretoria ndiwo ni msumba ukuru wa boma, ndipo msumba wa Cape Town ndiwo ni msumba ukuru wa boma. Malo gha Bloemfontein ghakumanyikwa kuti ni msumba ukuru wa vyeruzgo.[17] Msumba ukuru comene uwo uli na khoti likuru comene ni Johannesburg.
Charu cha South Africa 10 other official names[1]
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Chiluso: "ǃke e: ǀxarra ǁke" (ǀXam) "Unity in diversity" |
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Nyimbo: "National anthem of South Africa" |
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Msumba Waboma | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Msumba usani | Johannesburg[3] | |||||||||||||||||||||
Chiyowoyelo chaboma | 11 languages[1]
Languages with special status[4]
Khoe languages
Nama Khoisan languages South African Sign Language German Greek Gujarati Hindi Portuguese Telugu Tamil Urdu Arabic Hebrew Sanskrit |
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Mitundu ya Ŵanthu (2019[5]) |
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Vipembezo |
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Mwenecharu | South African | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary dominant-party parliamentary republic with an executive presidency | |||||||||||||||||||||
- | President | Cyril Ramaphosa | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Deputy President | Paul Mashatile | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Chairperson of the National Council | Amos Masondo | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Speaker of the National Assembly | Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Chief Justice | Raymond Zondo | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Upper house | National Council | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Lower house | National Assembly | ||||||||||||||||||||
Independence from the United Kingdom | ||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Union | 31 May 1910 | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Statute of Westminster | 11 December 1931 | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Republic | 31 May 1961 | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Democratisation | 27 April 1994 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ukulu wa Malo | ||||||||||||||||||||||
- | Malo | 1,221,037 km2 (24th) 471,443 sq mi |
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- | Maji (%) | 0.380 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | ||||||||||||||||||||||
- | 2022 estimate | 60,604,992 (2022 est.)[6] (24th) | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | 2011 census | 51,770,560[7]:18 | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Density | 42.4/km2 (169th) 109.8/sq mi |
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GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate | |||||||||||||||||||||
- | Total | $990 billion[8] (33rd) | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Per capita | $16,090[8] (97th) | ||||||||||||||||||||
GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate | |||||||||||||||||||||
- | Total | $400 billion[8] (39th) | ||||||||||||||||||||
- | Per capita | $6,485[8] (96th) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gini (2014) | 63.0[9] very high |
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HDI (2021) | 0.713[10] high ·109th |
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Ndalama | South African rand (ZAR ) |
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Mtundu Wanyengo | SAST (UTC+2) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Kalembelo kasiku | Short formats: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Woko la galimoto | left | |||||||||||||||||||||
ISO 3166 code | ZA | |||||||||||||||||||||
Intaneti yacharu | .za |
Pafupifupi 80% ya ŵanthu ŵa mu South Africa mbanthu ŵa mitundu yinyake.[15]Ŵanthu awo ŵakukhala mu vigaŵa ivi mba ku Europe (Ŵazungu ŵa ku South Africa), ku Asia (Ŵahindi ŵa ku South Africa na Ŵachinayi ŵa ku South Africa), kweniso ŵa mitundu yinandi (Ŵanthu ŵa mu South Africa). Ku South Africa kuli ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yakupambanapambana ndipo ŵali na mitheto, viyowoyero, na visopa vyakupambanapambana. Ndimo viliriso na viyowoyero vinyake vinandi ivyo vikuyowoyeka mu charu ichi. Kuyana na kalembera wa 2011, viyowoyero viŵiri ivyo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuyowoya ni Chizulu (22.7%) na Chixhosa (16.0%). Viyowoyero viŵiri vyakulondezgapo ni vya ku Europe: Cifurikansi (13.5%) cikafuma ku Ciholandi ndipo nchakwamba ku ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mu South Africa; Cingelezi (9.6%) cikulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵa ku Britain ndiwo ŵakamba kulamulira caru.
Charu ichi nchimoza mwa vyaru vichoko waka mu Africa ivyo vindachitepo viwawa, ndipo kwa vyaka pafupifupi 100, ŵanthu ŵakuluta ku mavoti. Ndipouli, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mitundu yinyake mu South Africa ŵakapika wanangwa uwu mu 1994. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1900, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵa mitundu yinyake ŵakakhumbanga kuti ŵaŵe na wanangwa ukuru kuluska ŵa mitundu yinyake. Mu 1948, chipani cha National Party chikamba kusankhana mitundu. Pamanyuma pa kulimbana kwa nyengo yitali na nkhaza kwa African National Congress na ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakalimbananga na apartheid mu caru na kuwaro kwa caru, malango ghakupambaniska ŵanthu ghakamba kufiskika pakati pa ma 1980. Kwambira mu 1994, mafuko ghose na viyowoyero vyose vili na ŵimiliri mu vyaru ivyo vili na demokilase. Kanandi ŵanthu ŵakuchema charu cha South Africa kuti "charu cha chiŵingavula" chifukwa cha mitheto yakupambanapambana ya ŵanthu ŵa mu charu ichi, chomenechomene mu nyengo ya apartheid.[18]
Charu cha South Africa chili na mazaza pa nkhani za caru cose. Ni caru ico cikucita makora yayi, ndipo cili pa nambara 109 pa ndandanda ya ŵanthu awo ŵakukura. Banki ya Caru Cose yikati ni caru ciphya ico cikucita vyamalonda, ndipo nchigaŵa caciŵiri pa vyaru vyose vya mu Africa ico cili na cuma cikuru comene ndiposo cacitatu pa vyaru vyose vya mu Africa. Charu cha South Africa chili na malo ghanandi agho ghali kulembeka na UNESCO kuti ni malo ghakukondweska ŵanthu pa charu chose. Kufuma waka apo nkhaza zacigaŵa zikamalira, boma laŵikapo mtima comene pa vinthu vyawo kweniso umoyo wa ŵanthu waŵa uwemi comene. Ndipouli, uphuvya, ukavu na kuleka kuyana vinthu vikulutilira, ndipo ŵanthu pafupifupi 40% ŵalije nchito mu 2021, apo ŵanthu pafupifupi 60% ŵakukhala pasi pa ukavu ndipo cigaŵa cacinayi ca ŵanthu ŵakukhala pasi pa $2.15 pa zuŵa.[19][20][21]