Democratic Republic of Congo
charu pakati pa Afilika / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Charu cha Congo, panji pa Chingelezi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), panji kuti Congo-Kinshasa panji kuti Zaire, ni charu icho chili ku Central Africa. Kuyana na caru, DRC ni caru caciŵiri pa vyaru vikuruvikuru mu Africa, na ca 11 pa vyaru vikuruvikuru pa caru cose. Mu charu ichi muli ŵanthu pafupifupi 112 miliyoni. Msumba ukuru wa charu ichi ni Kinshasa. Charu ichi chili na mphaka na Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania (kujumpha Nyanja ya Tanganyika), Zambia, Angola, the Cabinda enclave of Angola na South Atlantic Ocean.
Charu cha Congo République démocratique du Congo (French) Repubilika ya Kôngo ya Dimokalasi (Kituba) Republíki ya Kongó Demokratíki (Lingala) Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (Swahili) Ditunga dia Kongu wa Mungalaata (Luba-Lulua) |
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Chiluso: "Justice – Paix – Travail" (French) "Justice – Peace – Work" |
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Nyimbo: Debout Congolais (French) "Arise, Congolese" |
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[[File:|center|250px|alt=|Location of Democratic Republic of Congo ]] | |||||
Msumba Waboma kweneso Msumba Usani | Kinshasa | ||||
Chiyowoyelo chaboma | French | ||||
Viyowoyelo vyaboma |
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Mitundu ya Ŵanthu | {{{ethnic_groups}}} | ||||
Vipembezo |
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Mwenecharu | Congolese | ||||
Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary semi-presidential republic | ||||
- | President | Félix Tshisekedi | |||
- | Prime Minister | Sama Lukonde | |||
- | Upper house | Senate | |||
- | Lower house | National Assembly | |||
Formation | |||||
- | Colonised | 17 November 1879 | |||
- | Congo Free State | 1 July 1885 | |||
- | Belgian Congo | 15 November 1908 | |||
- | Independence from Belgium | 30 June 1960[1] | |||
- | Admitted to the United Nations | 20 September 1960 | |||
- | Named Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1 August 1964 | |||
- | Republic of Zaire | 27 October 1971 | |||
- | First Congo War | 17 May 1997 | |||
- | Current constitution | 18 February 2006 | |||
Ukulu wa Malo | |||||
- | Malo | 2,345,409 km2 (11th) 905,355 sq mi |
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- | Maji (%) | 3.32 | |||
Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | |||||
- | 2023 estimate | 111,859,928[2] (14th) | |||
- | Density | 46.3/km2 104/sq mi |
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GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate | ||||
- | Total | $128 billion[3] (90th) | |||
- | Per capita | $1,327[3] (188th) | |||
GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate | ||||
- | Total | $64 billion[3] (86th) | |||
- | Per capita | $660[3] (190th) | |||
Gini (2012) | 42.1[4] medium |
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HDI (2021) | 0.479[5] low ·179th |
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Ndalama | Congolese franc (CDF ) |
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Mtundu Wanyengo | WAT and CAT (UTC+1 to +2) | ||||
Kalembelo kasiku | dd/mm/yyyy | ||||
Woko la galimoto | right | ||||
ISO 3166 code | CD | ||||
Intaneti yacharu | .cd |
Charu cha DRC, icho chili mu chigaŵa cha Congo Basin, ŵanthu ŵakakhalanga mwenemumo vyaka 90,000 ivyo vyajumpha.[6]Kumanjiliro gha dazi, Ufumu wa Kongo ukalamuliranga chigaŵa cha mumphepete mwa mlonga wa Congo kwambira m'ma 1400 m'paka m'ma 1800. Ku chigaŵa cha kumpoto na kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu ichi, maufumu gha Azande, Luba, na Lunda ghakalamulira kwambira mu ma 1500 m'paka mu 1900. Themba Leopold II la ku Belgium likapoka wanangwa wa kukhala mu caru ca Congo mu 1885 ndipo likati caru ici nchake, ndipo likati ni Congo Free State. Kwambira mu 1885 m'paka 1908, ŵasilikari ŵake ŵakachichizga ŵanthu kuti ŵagwirenge ntchito ya kupanga mphira. Mu 1908, Leopold wakaleka malo agha, ndipo ghakazgoka koloni la Belgium.
Pa Juni 30, 1960, charu cha Congo chikapoka wanangwa kufuma ku Belgium, ndipo nyengo yeneyiyo chikaŵa na magulu ghakupambanapambana gha ŵanthu awo ŵakakhumbanga kujipatura. Mu 1971, Mobutu wakasintha zina la charu ichi kuŵa Zaire ndipo wakaŵika muwuso wankhongono m'paka apo wakawuskikira mu 1997.[1] Kufuma apo, zina la charu ichi likasinthikaso, ndipo kufuma mu 1998 m'paka mu 2003, pakaŵa Nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya ku Congo.[7][8][9][10] Nkhondo iyi yikamara mu nyengo ya Joseph Kabila uyo wakawusa charu ichi kufuma mu 2001 mpaka mu 2019, apo wanangwa wa ŵanthu mu chalo ichi ukaŵa wambura kuzirwa ndipo wakachitanga viheni vinandi nga nkhukomeka, kutambuzgika, kujalirika mu jele mwakutalulira na kukanizga wanangwa wa ŵanthu.[11] Pamanyuma pa mavoti gha 2018 mu charu ichi, Kabila wakasankhika na Félix Tshisekedi.[12] Kufuma mu 2015, kumafumiro gha dazi kwa DR Congo ndiko kuli nkhondo ya ŵasilikari mu Kivu.
Charu cha Democratic Republic of the Congo chili na vinthu vinandi chomene vyakuthupi, kweni chili na masuzgo gha ndyali, kusowa kwa vinthu vyakukhumbikwa, vimbundi, kweniso vyaka vinandi vya malonda na vyakukolerana.[13] Besides the capital Kinshasa, the two next largest cities, Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi, are both mining communities. The DRC's largest export is raw minerals, with China accepting over 50% of its exports in 2019.[1] Mu chaka cha 2021, charu cha DR Congo chikaŵa pa malo 179 pa vyaru 191. Kuzakafika mu 2018, ŵanthu pafupifupi 600,000 ŵa ku Congo ŵakaŵa kuti ŵachali kukhala mu vyaru vyapafupi. Ŵana mamiliyoni ghaŵiri ŵakufwa na njara, ndipo ŵanthu mamiliyoni 4.5 ŵali kufumamo mu vikaya vyawo cifukwa ca nkhondo. Charu ichi chili mu wupu wa United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, African Union, COMESA, Southern African Development Community, Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, na Economic Community of Central African States.