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Vanadium |
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Pronunciation | (və-NAY-dee-əm) |
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Appearance | blue-siller-grey metal |
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Standard atomic weight Ar, std(V) | 7001509415000000000♠50.9415(1)[1] |
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Vanadium in the periodic cairt |
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Atomic nummer (Z) | 23 |
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Group | group 5 |
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Period | period 4 |
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Block | d-block |
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Element category | Transeetion metal |
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Electron confeeguration | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
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Pheesical properties |
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Phase at STP | solit |
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Meltin pynt | 2183 K (1910 °C, 3470 °F) |
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Bylin pynt | 3680 K (3407 °C, 6165 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 6.0 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 5.5 g/cm3 |
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Heat o fusion | 21.5 kJ/mol |
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Heat o vapourisation | 459 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 24.89 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapour pressur
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
2101 |
2289 |
2523 |
2814 |
3187 |
3679 |
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Atomic properties |
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Oxidation states | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.63 |
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Ionisation energies | |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 134 pm |
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Covalent radius | 153±8 pm |
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Spectral lines o vanadium |
Ither properties |
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Naitural occurrence | primordial |
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Creestal structur | body-centred cubic (bcc) |
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Speed o soond thin rod | 4560 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | 8.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 30.7 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 197 n Ω·m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic orderin | paramagnetic |
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Young's modulus | 128 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 47 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 160 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.37 |
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Mohs haurdness | 6.7 |
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CAS Nummer | 7440-62-2 |
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History |
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Diskivery | Andrés Manuel del Río (1801) |
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First isolation | Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830) |
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Named by | Nils Gabriel Sefström (1830) |
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Main isotopes o vanadium |
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Isotope |
Abundance |
Hauf-life (t1/2) |
Decay mode |
Product |
48V |
syn |
15.9735 d |
β+ |
48Ti |
49V |
syn |
330 d |
ε |
49Ti |
50V |
0.25% |
1.5×1017y |
ε |
50Ti |
β− |
50Cr |
51V |
99.75% |
stable |
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| references |