|
Erbium |
---|
Pronunciation | (UR-bee-əm) |
---|
Appearance | sillery white |
---|
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Er) | 7002167259000000000♠167.259(3)[1] |
---|
Erbium in the periodic cairt |
---|
|
- ↑ Er ↓ Fm |
holmium ← erbium → thulium |
|
|
Atomic nummer (Z) | 68 |
---|
Group | group n/a |
---|
Period | period 6 |
---|
Block | f-block |
---|
Element category | Lanthanide |
---|
Electron confeeguration | [Xe] 4f12 6s2 |
---|
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 |
---|
Pheesical properties |
---|
Phase at STP | solit |
---|
Meltin pynt | 1802 K (1529 °C, 2784 °F) |
---|
Bylin pynt | 3141 K (2868 °C, 5194 °F) |
---|
Density (near r.t.) | 9.066 g/cm3 |
---|
when liquid (at m.p.) | 8.86 g/cm3 |
---|
Heat o fusion | 19.90 kJ/mol |
---|
Heat o vapourisation | 280 kJ/mol |
---|
Molar heat capacity | 28.12 J/(mol·K) |
---|
Vapour pressur
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1504 |
1663 |
(1885) |
(2163) |
(2552) |
(3132) |
|
Atomic properties |
---|
Oxidation states | 0,[2] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) |
---|
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.24 |
---|
Atomic radius | empirical: 176 pm |
---|
Covalent radius | 189±6 pm |
---|
Spectral lines o erbium |
Ither properties |
---|
Naitural occurrence | primordial |
---|
Creestal structur | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
---|
Speed o soond thin rod | 2830 m/s (at 20 °C) |
---|
Thermal expansion | (r.t.) (poly) 12.2 µm/(m·K) |
---|
Thermal conductivity | 14.5 W/(m·K) |
---|
Electrical resistivity | (r.t.) (poly) 0.860 µ Ω·m |
---|
Magnetic orderin | paramagnetic at 300 K |
---|
Young's modulus | 69.9 GPa |
---|
Shear modulus | 28.3 GPa |
---|
Bulk modulus | 44.4 GPa |
---|
Poisson ratio | 0.237 |
---|
Vickers haurdness | 589 MPa |
---|
Brinell haurdness | 814 MPa |
---|
CAS Nummer | 7440-52-0 |
---|
History |
---|
Diskivery | Carl Gustaf Mosander (1842) |
---|
Main isotopes o erbium |
---|
Isotope |
Abundance |
Hauf-life (t1/2) |
Decay mode |
Product |
160Er |
syn |
28.58 h |
ε |
160Ho |
162Er |
0.139% |
>1.4×1014 y |
(α) |
158Dy |
(β+β+) |
162Dy |
164Er |
1.601% |
- |
(α) |
160Dy |
(β+β+) |
164Dy |
165Er |
syn |
10.36 h |
ε |
165Ho |
166Er |
33.503% |
- |
(α) |
162Dy |
167Er |
22.869% |
- |
(α) |
163Dy |
168Er |
26.978% |
- |
(α) |
164Dy |
169Er |
syn |
9.4 d |
β− |
169Tm |
170Er |
14.910% |
>3.2×1017 y |
(α) |
166Dy |
(β−β−) |
170Yb |
171Er |
syn |
7.516 o |
β− |
171Tm |
172Er |
syn |
49.3 o |
β− |
172Tm |
|
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed |
| references |