The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindi and Urdu pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Hindi-Urdu phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Hindustani.
अधिकसूचना Consonants, Hindi ...
Consonants |
IPA | Hindi | Urdu | English equivalent |
b |
ब | ب | abash |
bʱ |
भ | بھ | abhor |
d̪ [1] |
द | د | ado |
d̪ʱ [1] |
ध | دھ | adhere |
ɖ [1] |
ड | ڈ | guard |
ɖʱ [1] |
ढ | ڈھ | guardhouse |
dʒ |
ज | ج | hedge |
dʒʱ |
झ | جھ | hedgehog |
f |
फ़ | ف | food |
ɡ |
ग | گ | agate |
ɡʱ |
घ | گھ | pigheaded |
h |
ः | ح، ه | head |
ɦ |
ह | ahead |
j |
य | ی | yak |
k |
क | ک | scan |
kʰ |
ख | کھ | can |
l |
ल | ل | leaf |
m |
म | م | much |
n |
न | ن | not |
ɳ |
ण | ن٘ڑ | burner
|
ŋ |
ं | ن٘گ | bank |
p |
प | پ | span |
pʰ |
फ | پھ | pan (often pronounced [f] in Hindi) |
q |
क़ | ق | a k in the throat (Urdu; often [k] in Hindi) |
r |
र | ر | trilled r |
ɽ |
ड़ | ڑ | US: larder |
ɽʱ |
ढ़ | ڑھ | as [ɽ] plus h |
s |
स | ث، س، ص | sue |
ʂ |
ष | س | worship
|
ʃ |
श | ش | shoe |
t̪ [1] |
त | ت، ط | stable |
t̪ʰ [1] |
थ | تھ | table |
ʈ [1] |
ट | ٹ | art |
ʈʰ [1] |
ठ | ٹھ | art-historian |
tʃ |
च | چ | catch |
tʃʰ |
छ | چھ | choose |
ʋ[2] |
व | و | varies between w and v |
x |
ख़ | خ | Bach (Urdu; often [kʰ] in Hindi) |
ɣ |
ग़ | غ | similar to a French r (Urdu; often [ɡ] in Hindi). Close to uvular flap. |
z |
ज़ | ذ، ز، ض، ظ | zen |
ʒ |
झ़ | ژ | pleasure |
|
Vowels |
IPA | Hindi | Urdu | English equivalent |
aː |
आ, पा | آ, بَا | la |
eː |
ए, पे | اے، بے | between yell and Yale |
ɛː |
ऐ, पै | اَے، بَے | yell |
ə [3] |
अ, प | اَ، بَ | about |
iː [4] |
ई, पी | اِی، بِی | feet |
ɪ [4] |
इ, पि | اِ، بِ | dill |
oː |
ओ, पो | او، بو | old |
ɔː |
औ, पौ | اَو، بَو | law |
uː [4] |
ऊ, पू | اُو، بُو | loot |
ʊ [4] |
उ, पु | اُ، بُ | look |
̃ |
ँ | ـں | nasal vowel ([ãː], [õː], etc.) |
Suprasegmentals |
IPA | |
ˈ |
stress (placed before stressed syllable) |
ː |
doubled consonant |
|
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