Stampa:The_North_Stelae_Park,_Axum,_Ethiopia_(2812686646).jpg
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Fajl oriġinali (2,840 × 1,837 pixel, dimensjoni: 1.64 MB, tip ta' MIME: image/jpeg)
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Taqsira
DeskrizzjoniThe North Stelae Park, Axum, Ethiopia (2812686646).jpg |
This photo shows part of the North Stelae Park in Axum, Ethiopia. To the left are the shattered remains of the Great Obelisk, shown and described in an earlier photo. On the right is the 27-meter tall (some would say 23-meter tall) obelisk called "King Ezana's Stele." King Ezana is said to have accepted Christianity around the year 330 of the current era. Modern Axum in Ethiopia is built on and around the remains of an ancient city, the former capital of the Axumite Kingdom. The Axumite Kingdom had emerged as a regional power by the second century of the current era. Axum reached its peak between the third and sixth centuries of the current era. Most people do not know that Axum was one of the most powerful kingdoms on earth during its hayday, primarily because of its control of trade routes on sea and on land. Today, the stelae, or obelisks, erected by Axumite kings are the most impressive remains of that ancient society. The late archaeologist Stuart Munro-Hay wrote a fascinating description of the obelisks at Axum, including the one pictured here. Without doubt, Aksum's most impressive remains are the royal tombs and their fabulous markers, the 'stelae' or obelisks. Even the plain examples are impressive, cut from hard local granite. But truly staggering is a series of six carved examples. These seem to depict the dead rulers' palaces---their tombs lay beneath, and it was our good fortune to be the discoverers of this underground world. The stelae---or so we may conjecture---were the stairways to heaven for the kings of Aksum. At the base are granite plates with carved wine-cups for offerings to the spirit of the deceased. The largest stela is certainly among the biggest single stones ever quarried by human labour. It testifies to the magnificent self-esteem of the unknown ruler who had it extracted and dragged several kilometres to its final site, and to the skill and artistry of those who prepared and decorated it. Over thirty-three metres tall, the stele represents a thirteen storey tower, with elaborate window-tracery, frames, lintels, beam-ends, even a door with a bolt. This monstrous stone soon fell---perhaps a few seconds after being levered upright---smashing onto the roof block of a tomb nearby. This block (some 17 x 7 x 1.5 metres), was not broken, though the tomb underneath it was crushed, but the great stele separated into three pieces. The top was completely smashed by the impact. Nearby is its largest still-standing neighbour, twenty-seven metres tall. Underneath this 'stele field' is an extraordinary series of tombs, the underground maze which we began in 1973-4 to explore and clear. On all sides tunnels open out---some dug by robbers. The ground here contains fallen stelae, or their base-plates, that have slipped down from above, buried staircases, walls and walled platforms, shafts and other structures, as well as tomb chambers and their contents---skulls and bones, pottery, metal, and piles of other grave-goods. Text copyright Stuart Munro-Hay 1998. |
Data | |
Sors |
The North Stelae Park, Axum, Ethiopia
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Awtur | A. Davey from Where I Live Now: Pacific Northwest |
Liċenzja
- Inti ħieles:
- li taqsam – li tikkopja, tiddistribwixxi u tittrażmetti din l-opra
- li timmodifika – li tadatta l-biċċa xogħol
- Taħt il-kundizzjonijiet segwenti:
- attribuzzjoni – Għandek tattribwixxi x-xogħol bil-mod speċifikat mill-awtur jew minn min ta l-l-iċenzja (imma mhux b'xi mod li jissuġġerixxi ji jappoġjaw lilek jew l-użu tax-xogħol).
This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 5 October 2012 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
Items portrayed in this file
depicts Ingliż
copyright status Ingliż
copyrighted Ingliż
30 Ottubru 2007
captured with Ingliż
Nikon D70 Ingliż
exposure time Ingliż
0.00555555555555555555 sekonda
f-number Ingliż
19
focal length Ingliż
24 millimetru
ISO speed Ingliż
200
source of file Ingliż
media type Ingliż
image/jpeg
Kronoloġija tal-fajl
Agħfas fuq il-grupp data/ħin biex tara l-fajl biex tara kif jidher dak il-ħin.
Data/Ħin | Minjatura | Qisien | Utent | Kumment | |
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kurrenti | 17:40, 5 Ottubru 2012 | 2,840 × 1,837 (1.64 MB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) | Transferred from Flickr by User:Elitre |
Użu tal-fajl
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Metadati
Dan il-fajl fih aktar informazzjoni, aktarx ġie miżjud minn kamera diġitali jew skanner li ġew użati sabiex joħolquh jew biex jagħmluh diġitali.
Jekk il-fajl ġie modifikat mill-istat oriġinali, xi dettalji jistgħu ma jikkorispondux mal-verżjoni kurrenti.
Manifattur tal-kameri | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Mudell tal-kamera | NIKON D70 |
Ħin tal-wirja | 1/180 s (0.0055555555555556) |
Numru fokali | f/19 |
Sensibilità ISO | 200 |
Data u ħin tal-ħolqien tad-data | 10:34, 30 Ottubru 2007 |
Distanza fokali objettiva | 24 mm |
Struttura tal-pixel | RGB |
Orjentazzjoni | Normali |
Riżoluzzjoni orizzontali | 72 dpi |
Riżoluzzjoni vertikali | 72 dpi |
Software | Adobe Photoshop CS3 Macintosh |
Data jew ħin ta' modifiki tal-fajl | 10:34, 30 Ottubru 2007 |
Programm tal-wirja | Manwali |
Data u ħin tad-diġitazzjoni | 10:34, 30 Ottubru 2007 |
Inklinazzjoni ta' wirja | −1.5 |
Ftuħ massimu | 3.8 APEX (f/3.73) |
Metodu ta' misurazzjoni | Mudell |
Sorġent tad-dawl | Mhux magħruf |
Flash | Il-flash ma ħariġx |
Data u ħin, frazzjoni ta' sekondi | 70 |
Data u ħin tal-ħolqien, frazzjoni ta' sekonda | 70 |
Data u ħin ta' diġitazzjoni, frazzjoni ta' sekonda | 70 |
Spazju tal-kuluri | 0 |
Metodu ta tħaffif | Sensur ta' l-area tal-kulur b'chip waħda |
Proċessar tal-istampi personalizzati | Proċess normali |
Stat ta' wirja | Wirja manwali |
Bilanċ l-abjad | Bilanċ tal-abjad awtomatiku |
Rapport zoom diġitali | 1 |
Daqs fokali ġo film 35mm | 36 mm |
Tip ta' akwistazzjoni | Standard |
Kontroll tax-xena | Xejn |
Kontrolla kuntrast | Normali |
Kontrolla saturazzjoni | Normali |
Kontrolla xfir | Mislut aħrax |
Skala tad-distanza tas-suġġett | Mhux magħruf |