Salman Rushdi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie CH FRSL (/sælˈmɑːn ˈrʊʃdi/; an haife shi a ranar sha tara 19 ga watan Yunin shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da arba'in da bakwai 1947) ɗan asalin Indiya ne ɗan littafin Birtaniya-Amurka.[1] Ayyukansa sau da yawa suna haɗuwa da gaskiyar sihiri tare da tarihin tarihi kuma da farko suna hulɗa da haɗin kai, rushewa, da ƙaura tsakanin wayewar Gabas da Yamma, yawanci ana saita su a yankin Indiya. Littafin Rushdie na biyu, Midnight's Children a shekarar dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da ɗaya (1981), ya lashe kyautar Booker a shekarar dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da ɗaya 1981 kuma an dauke shi "mafi kyawun littafin duk masu nasara" a lokuta biyu, yana nuna bikin cika shekaru ashirin da biyar 25 da arba'in 40 na kyautar.
Bayan littafinsa na huɗu, The Satanic Verses dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da takwas (1988), Rushdie ya zama batun yunkurin kisan kai da yawa da barazanar mutuwa, gami da fatwa da ke kira ga mutuwarsa da Ruhollah Khomeini, babban shugaban Iran ya bayar. Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi kisan kai da bama-bamai da yawa waɗanda suka ambaci littafin a matsayin abin motsawa, wanda ya haifar da muhawara game da tantancewa da tashin hankali na addini. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da biyu 2022, wani mutum ya soke Rushdie bayan ya yi gaggawar zuwa mataki inda aka shirya marubucin ya gabatar da lacca a wani taron a Chautauqua, New York.
A shekara ta dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da tamanin da ukku 1983, an zabi Rushdie a matsayin abokin Royal Society of Literature . An nada shi Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres na Faransa a shekarar dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da casa'in da tara 1999. An ba Rushdie lambar yabo a shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai 2007 saboda hidimomin da ya yi wa wallafe-wallafen.[2] A shekara ta dubu biyu da takwas 2008, The Times ta sanya shi na goma sha ukku 13 a cikin jerin manyan marubutan Burtaniya hamsin 50 tun shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari tara da arba'in da biyar 1945.[3] Tun daga shekara ta alif dubu biyu 2000, Rushdie ta zauna a Amurka. An ba shi suna Babban Mawallafi a Mazaunin a Cibiyar Harkokin Jarida ta Arthur L. Carter ta Jami'ar New York a shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma sha biyar 2015. Tun da farko, ya koyar a Jami'ar Emory. An zabe shi a Kwalejin Fasaha da Harafi ta Amurka . A cikin shekara ta alif dubu biyu da goma sha biyu 2012, ya wallafa Joseph Anton: A Memoir, wani labarin rayuwarsa bayan abubuwan da suka faru bayan The Satanic Verses. An kira Rushdie daya daga cikin mutane ɗari 100 mafi tasiri a duniya ta mujallar Time a watan Afrilu na shekara ta alif dubu biyu da ashirin da uku 2023.