René Descartes
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René UK ( ko Birtaniya:/eɪkɑːrt/; Faransanci French: [ʁəne dekaʁt]; Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; [note 1] [1] 31 Maris 1596-11 Fabrairu 1650 :58) Bafaranshe ne masanin falsafa, masanin kimiyya, kuma masanin lissafi, wanda aka fi sani da shi a matsayin mutum na farko a cikin bullowar falsafa da kimiyyarzamani. Ilimin lissafi ya kasance tsakiyar hanyar bincikensa, kuma ya haɗa fage daban-daban na lissafin lissafi da algebra a baya zuwa cikin lissafi na nazari. Descartes ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa na aiki a Jamhuriyar Holland, tun da farko yana hidima ga Sojojin Ƙasar Holland, daga bisani ya zama babban ƙwararrun ƙwararrun shekarun Golden Age. Ko da yake ya yi aiki a jihar Furotesta kuma daga baya masu suka suka ƙidaya shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara, Descartes ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin Katolika.
René Descartes | |||
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Rayuwa | |||
Haihuwa | Descartes (en) , 31 ga Maris, 1596 | ||
ƙasa | Faransa | ||
Harshen uwa | Faransanci | ||
Mutuwa | Stockholm da Stockholm City (en) , 11 ga Faburairu, 1650 | ||
Makwanci |
Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (en) Adolf Fredrik Church (en) Abbey of St Genevieve (en) | ||
Yanayin mutuwa | Sababi na ainihi (Ciwon huhu) | ||
Ƴan uwa | |||
Mahaifi | maricoel que lo lea | ||
Mahaifiya | Jeanne Brochard | ||
Ma'aurata | Helena Jans van der Strom (en) | ||
Yara | |||
Ahali | Pierre Descartes (en) | ||
Ƴan uwa |
view
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Karatu | |||
Makaranta |
collège Henri-IV de La Flèche (en) Utrecht University (en) Leiden University (en) Prytanée National Militaire (en) | ||
Thesis | ' | ||
Thesis director |
Isaac Beeckman (en) Jacobus Golius (en) | ||
Harsuna |
Harshen Latin Faransanci | ||
Ɗalibai | |||
Sana'a | |||
Sana'a | mai falsafa, masanin lissafi, musicologist (en) , physicist (en) , Ilimin Taurari, music theorist (en) , correspondent (en) , mechanical automaton engineer (en) , soja da marubuci | ||
Wurin aiki | La Flèche (en) , Poitiers (en) da Stockholm | ||
Muhimman ayyuka |
Discourse on the Method (en) La Géométrie (en) The Description of the Human Body (en) | ||
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa | Plato, Aristotle, Anselm of Canterbury (en) , Thomas Aquinas, William of Ockham (en) , Francisco Suárez (en) da Marin Mersenne (en) | ||
Mamba | French Academy of Sciences (en) | ||
Fafutuka | Rationalism | ||
Imani | |||
Addini | Cocin katolika | ||
IMDb | nm1548818 | ||
Yawancin abubuwa na falsafar Descartes suna da abubuwan da suka faru a ƙarshen Aristotelianism, Rayarwar Stoicism na karni na 16, ko a cikin falsafar farko kamar Augustine. A cikin falsafar dabi'a, ya bambanta da makarantu a kan manyan abubuwa guda biyu: na farko, ya ƙi rarraba kayan jiki zuwa kwayoyin halitta da siffar; na biyu, ya ƙi duk wani roko zuwa ga ƙarshe, na allahntaka ko na halitta, a cikin bayanin abubuwan mamaki na halitta. A cikin tauhidinsa, ya nace a kan cikakken 'yanci na aikin Allah na halitta. Da yake ƙin karɓar ikon masana falsafa na baya, Descartes akai-akai ya keɓe ra'ayinsa baya ga masana falsafa da suka gabace shi. A cikin ɓangaren budewa na Ƙaunar Soul, wani rubutun zamani na farko game da motsin zuciyarmu, Descartes ya ci gaba da tabbatar da cewa zai rubuta a kan wannan batu "kamar dai babu wanda ya rubuta game da waɗannan batutuwa a baya."Sanannen bayaninsa na falsafa shine "cogito, ergo sum" ("Ina tsammanin, saboda haka ni ne"; French: Je pense, donc je suis), wanda aka samo a cikin Magana akan Hanyar (1637; a Faransanci da Latin) da Ka'idodin Falsafa (1644, a cikin Latin). [note 2]
Descartes sau da yawa ana kiransa uban falsafar zamani, kuma galibi ana ganin shi ne ke da alhakin ƙarin kulawa da aka ba wa ilimin kimiya na zamani a ƙarni na 17. [note 3] Ya aza harsashi na rationalism na nahiyar na ƙarni na 17, daga baya Spinoza da Leibniz suka ba da shawarar, kuma daga baya mazhabar empiriricist ta yi adawa da shi, wanda ya ƙunshi Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, da Hume. Yunƙurin rationalism na farko na zamani-a matsayin makarantar falsafa mai tsari sosai a cikin kansa a karon farko a cikin tarihi-ya yi tasiri mai girma da tasiri a kan tunanin yammacin zamani gaba ɗaya, tare da haifuwar tsarin falsafancin falsafa biyu masu tasiri biyu na Descartes (Cartesianism) da Spinoza (Spinozism). Ya kasance ƙarni na 17 masu ra'ayin ra'ayi kamar Descartes, Spinoza da Leibniz waɗanda suka ba da "Age of Reason" suna da wuri a cikin tarihi. Leibniz, Spinoza, da Descartes duk sun kware sosai a fannin lissafi da falsafa, kuma Descartes da Leibniz sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga kimiyya ma.
Tunanin Descartes akan Falsafa na Farko (1641) ya ci gaba da zama daidaitaccen rubutu a yawancin sassan falsafar jami'a. Tasirin Descartes a cikin ilmin lissafi daidai yake a bayyane; tsarin haɗin gwiwar Cartesian an sanya masa suna. An lasafta shi a matsayin uban lissafi na nazari-wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen gano ƙididdiga da bincike mara iyaka. Descartes kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan mutane a juyin juya halin kimiyya.