Mahayana
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Mahāyāna (/ˌmɑːhəˈjɑːnə/;) kalma ce da ɗimbin rukuni na al'adun Buddha, rubutu, falsafa, da ayyuka. Buddha Mahāyāna ya bunƙasa a Indiya (A ƙarni na 1 KZ zuwa gaba) kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan rassa uku na addinin Buddha (ɗayan shine <i id="mwHg">Theravāda</i> da Vajrayana). [1] Mahāyāna ya yarda da manyan nassosi da koyarwar addinin Buddah na farko amma kuma ya yarda da koyaswa da nassosi daban-daban waɗanda Buddha Theravada ba su yarda da su ba a matsayin asali. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Mahāyāna Sūtras da ƙarfafa su kan hanyar bodhisattva da <i id="mwJg">Prajñāpāramitā</i>. [2] Al'adun Vajrayāna ko Mantra wani yanki ne na Mahāyāna, waɗanda ke amfani da hanyoyin tantric da yawa waɗanda ake ganin sun fi sauri da ƙarfi wajen cimma Buddha ta Vajrayānists. [1]
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"Mahāyāna" kuma yana nufin hanyar bodhisattva da ke ƙoƙarin zama Buddha mai cikakken farkawa (samyaksaṃbuddha) don amfanin dukkan halittu masu rai, don haka ake kira "Bodhisattva Vehicle" (Bodhisattvayāna). [3] [note 1] [4] Mahāyāna kuma ya haɗa da Buddha da yawa da bodhisattvas waɗanda ba a samo su a cikin Theravada (irin su Amitābha da Vairocana). [5] Falsafar Buddha na Mahāyāna kuma tana haɓaka ƙa'idodi na musamman, irin su ka'idar Madhyamaka na wofi ( śūnyatā), koyarwar Vijñānavāda, da koyarwar dabi'ar Buddha.
Ko da yake farkon ƙaramin motsi ne a Indiya, a ƙarshe Mahāyāna ya girma ya zama mai tasiri a addinin Buddah na Indiya. [6] Manyan cibiyoyin ilimi da ke da alaƙa da Mahāyāna kamar Nalanda da Vikramashila, sun bunƙasa a tsakanin ƙarni na bakwai da goma sha biyu. [6] A cikin tarihinta, addinin Buddha na Mahāyāna ya bazu ko'ina cikin Kudancin Asiya, Asiya ta Tsakiya, Gabashin Asiya, da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. Ya kasance mai tasiri a yau a China, Mongolia, Hong Kong, Koriya, Japan, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, Nepal, Malaysia, Taiwan, da Bhutan.
Al'adar Mahāyāna ita ce babbar al'adar addinin Buddha mafi girma a yau (tare da 53% na Buddha na Gabashin Asiya Mahāyāna da 6% zuwa Vajrayāna), idan aka kwatanta da 36% na Theravada (bincike daga 2010).