Lokacin Hijira
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Lokacin Hijira wani lokaci ne a cikin tarihin Turai wanda ke da manyan ƙaura waɗanda suka ga faduwar daular Rum ta Yamma da ƙabilu dabam-dabam suka mamaye tsoffin yankunanta, da kuma kafa masarautun bayan Romawa. Kalmar tana nufin muhimmiyar rawar da ƙaura, mamayewa, da Kuma sasanta kabilu daban-daban suka taka, musamman Franks, Goths, Alemanni, Alans, Huns, Slavs na farko, Pannonian Avars, Magyars, da Bulgars a ciki ko cikin tsohuwar Daular Yamma da kuma Gabashin Turai. An dauki lokacin a al'ada don farawa a AD 375 (wataƙila a farkon 300) kuma ya ƙare a 568. [2] Abubuwa iri-iri ne suka haifar da wannan al'amari na hijira da mamayewa, kuma har yanzu ana tattaunawa kan rawar da suka taka da kuma muhimmancinsu.
Mamayewar Daular Rum | |
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Lokaci | {300-800} ko kuma daga baya [1] |
Wuri | Turai da yankin Bahar Rum |
Lamarin | Ƙabilun da ke mamaye daular Rum mai raguwa |
Lokacin Hijira | |||||
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historical period (en) da human migration (en) | |||||
Bayanai | |||||
Lokacin farawa | 375 | ||||
Lokacin gamawa | 568 | ||||
Time period (en) | Daular Rumawa da Roman Empire (en) | ||||
Wuri | |||||
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Masana tarihi sun bambanta dangane da kwanakin farkon da ƙarshen lokacin Hijira. An yi la'akari da farkon lokacin a matsayin mamayewar Turai da Huns daga Asiya suka yi a cikin kusan 375 kuma ya ƙare tare da mamayar Italiya da Lombards a 568, [3] amma lokacin da aka tsara ya kasance daga farkon 300. har zuwa ƙarshen 800. Misali, a cikin karni na 4 an kafa babban rukunin Goths a matsayin foederati a cikin yankin Balkan na Roman, kuma an zaunar da Franks a kudu da Rhine a cikin Roman Gaul. A cikin shekarar 406 gungun Vandals, Alans da Suebi sun yi wani babban tsallaka na Rhine musamman babba da ba zato ba tsammani. Yayin da iko na tsakiya ya rushe a Daular Rum ta Yamma, sojoji sun zama mafi mahimmanci amma mazaje na asali sun mamaye su.
Akwai ra'ayoyi masu karo da juna dangane da ko faduwar Daular Rum ta Yamma ta kasance sakamakon karuwar ƙaura, ko kuma duka biyun rushewar ikon tsakiya da kuma ƙarin mahimmancin waɗanda ba na Romawa ba sun haifar da abubuwan cikin Rum. Hijira, da kuma amfani da waɗanda ba na Romawa ba a cikin soja, an san su a cikin lokutan da suka gabata da kuma bayansa, kuma daular Roma ta Gabas ta daidaita kuma ta ci gaba da wanzuwa har zuwa faduwar Constantinoful ga Ottomans a 1453. Faduwar Daular Rumawa ta Yamma, duk da cewa ta ƙunshi kafa masarautu masu fafatawa da juna, amma sarakunan gabas ne ke tafiyar da su zuwa wani lokaci.
Baƙi sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin yaƙi ko kabilu na mutane 10,000 zuwa 20,000, amma a cikin shekaru 100 ba su wuce 750,000 gabaɗaya ba.[ana buƙatar hujja] idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin 40 miliyoyin jama'ar Daular Rum a wancan lokacin. Kodayake shige da fice ya zama ruwan dare a duk lokacin daular Rum, [4] lokacin da ake tambaya shine, a cikin karni na 19, galibi ana bayyana shi da gudana daga kusan ƙarni na 5 zuwa 8. [5] Hijirar farko na mutane sun kasance daga kabilun Jamus kamar Goths (ciki har da Visigoths da Ostrogoths), Vandals, Anglo-Saxon, Lombards, Suebi, Frisii, Jutes, Burgundians, Alemanni, da Alemanni. Sciri da Franks; Daga baya Huns, Avars, Slavs da Bulgars suka tura su zuwa yamma. [6] Daga baya mamayewa, irin su Vikings, Normans, Varangians, Hungarian, Moors, Romani, Turkics, da Mongols kuma suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci (musamman a Arewacin Afirka, Iberian Peninsula, Anatolia da Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai ).