Harshen Irish
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Irish | |
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Standard Irish: Gaeilge (na hÉireann) | |
Furucci |
Connacht Irish: ga Munster Irish: ga Ulster Irish: ga |
Yanki | Ireland |
Ƙabila | Irish people |
'Yan asalin magana |
L1: unknown People aged 3+ stating they could speak Irish "very well": (ROI, 2022) 195,029 Daily users outside education system: (ROI, 2022) 71,968 (NI, 2021) 43,557 L2: unknown People aged 3+ stating they could speak Irish: (ROI, 2022) 1,873,997 (NI, 2021) 228,600 |
Ahendurufi
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Asaloli na farko |
Primitive Irish
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Asali na yanzu | An Caighdeán Oifigiúil (written only) |
kasafin harshe |
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Baƙaƙen rubutu |
Latin (Irish alphabet) Ogham (historically) Irish Braille |
Official status | |
Babban harshe a |
Ireland[lower-alpha 1] Northern Ireland[2] European Union |
Lamban rijistar harshe | |
ISO 639-1 |
ga |
ISO 639-2 |
gle |
ISO 639-3 |
gle |
Glottolog |
iris1253 [3] |
Linguasphere |
50-AAA |
Proportion of respondents who said they could speak Irish in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland censuses of 2011 | |
Irish is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) |
Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), kuma aka sani da Irish Gaelic ko kawai Gaelic (/ ˈɡeɪlɪk/ Template:Respell), harshe ne na Goidelic na reshen Celtic Insular na dangin harshen Celtic, wanda wani yanki ne na harshen Indo-Turai. iyali. Irish ɗan asalin tsibirin Ireland ne kuma shine yaren farko na yawan jama'a har zuwa karni na 19, lokacin da a hankali Ingilishi ya mamaye, musamman a cikin shekarun ƙarshe na karni. A yau, har yanzu ana magana da Irish a matsayin yaren farko a yankunan Ireland tare da ake kira Gaeltacht, wanda kashi 2% na yawan jama'ar Ireland ne kawai ke rayuwa a cikin 2022. Har ila yau, babban rukuni na masu magana da yare na biyu suna magana da shi, galibi a cikin birane. yankunan. [Ana bukatan hujja]
Adadin mutanen (shekaru 3 zuwa sama) a Ireland waɗanda suka yi iƙirarin za su iya magana da Irish a cikin Afrilu 2022 sun kasance 1,873,997, wakiltar 40% na waɗanda suka amsa, amma daga cikin waɗannan, 472,887 sun ce ba su taɓa magana ba kuma ƙarin 551,993 sun ce sun yi magana kawai. cikin tsarin ilimi. Nazarin harshe na masu magana da Irish don haka ya dogara da farko akan adadin masu amfani da yau da kullun a Ireland a wajen tsarin ilimi, wanda a cikin 2022 ya kasance 20,261 a cikin Gaeltacht da 51,707 a wajensa, jimlar 71,968. Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021 na Arewacin Ireland, mutane 43,557 sun bayyana cewa suna magana da Irish a kullun, 26,286 suna magana a kowane mako, 47,153 suna magana ƙasa da mako-mako, kuma 9,758 sun ce za su iya magana da Irish, amma ba su taɓa magana ba. Daga 2006 zuwa 2008, fiye da 22,000 Irish Amirkawa sun ba da rahoton yin magana da Irish a matsayin harshensu na farko a gida, tare da sau da yawa wannan lambar tana da'awar "wasu ilmi" na harshen.
Ga yawancin tarihin Irish da aka yi rikodin, Irish shine yaren mutanen Irish mafi girma, waɗanda suka ɗauke shi tare da su zuwa wasu yankuna, kamar Scotland da Isle of Man, inda Irish ta Tsakiya ta haifar da Gaelic na Scotland da Manx. Har ila yau, na ɗan lokaci, ana magana da shi a ko'ina cikin Kanada, tare da kiyasin 200,000-250,000 na Kanada masu magana da Irish a kowace rana a cikin 1890. A tsibirin Newfoundland, wani yare na Irish na musamman ya samo asali kafin fadowa da amfani a farkon karni na 20.
Tare da tsarin rubuce-rubuce, Ogham, wanda ya samo asali tun aƙalla karni na 4 AD, wanda a hankali aka maye gurbinsa da rubutun Latin tun karni na 5 AD, Irish yana da ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin adabi na harshe a Yammacin Turai. A tsibirin, harshen yana da manyan yaruka uku: Connacht, Munster da Ulster Irish. Dukansu ukun suna da banbance-banbance a cikin maganganunsu da rubutunsu. Har ila yau, akwai "takardar rubutaccen tsari" wanda kwamitin majalisa ya tsara a shekarun 1950. Harafin Irish na gargajiya, bambance-bambancen haruffan Latin mai haruffa 18, an ci nasara ta daidaitattun haruffan Latin (duk da cewa suna da haruffa 7-8 da aka yi amfani da su da farko a cikin kalmomin lamuni).
Irish yana da matsayin tsarin mulki a matsayin yaren hukuma na ƙasa da na farko na Jamhuriyar Ireland, kuma har ila yau harshe ne na hukuma na Ireland ta Arewa kuma tsakanin harsunan hukuma na Tarayyar Turai. Hukumar jama'a ta Foras na Gaeilge ce ke da alhakin haɓaka harshe a duk faɗin tsibirin. Irish ba shi da wata hukuma mai tsari amma daidaitaccen tsarin rubutaccen tsari na zamani yana jagorantar sabis na majalisa da sabon ƙamus ta kwamitin sa-kai tare da shigar da jami'a.