Great Depression
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GreaDepression (1929 – 1939) ya kasance girgizar tattalin arziki da ta shafi yawancin ƙasashe a duniya. Lokaci ne na tabarbarewar tattalin arziki wanda ya bayyana bayan faduwar farashin hannayen jari a Amurka. [1] Tabarbarewar tattalin arziki ta fara ne a cikin watan Satumba kuma ta kai ga faduwar kasuwar hannayen jari ta Wall Street a ranar 24 ga watan Oktoba (Black Thursday). Shi ne mafi tsayi, zurfi, kuma mafi yaɗuwar bakin ciki na ƙarni na 20.
| |
Iri |
economic crisis (en) recession (en) historical period (en) era (en) |
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Kwanan watan | 29 Oktoba 1929 – 1941 |
Ƙasa | Afghanistan, Daular Biritaniya, Weimar Republic (en) , French Third Republic (en) , Chile, Holand, Afirka ta kudu da Tarayyar Amurka |
Sanadi |
causes of the Great Depression (en) Wall Street Crash of 1929 (en) |
Has part(s) (en) | |
Great Depression in Australia (en) Great Depression in South Africa (en) Great Depression in the Netherlands (en) Great Depression in the United Kingdom (en) Great Depression in the United States (en) Great Depression in India (en) Great Depression in Latin America (en) Great Depression in Chile (en) Great Depression in France (en) Great Depression in Canada (en) Great Depression in Central Europe (en) Shōwa Depression (en) |
Tsakanin 1929 zuwa 1932, jimillar GDP na duniya ya faɗi da kusan kashi 15%. Idan aka kwatanta, GDP na duniya ya faɗi ƙasa da 1% daga 2008 zuwa 2009 yayin Babban koma bayan tattalin arziki. Wasu tattalin arzikin sun fara farfadowa a tsakiyar shekarun 1930. Duk da haka, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, mummunan tasirin Babban Mawuyacin ya kasance har zuwa farkon yakin duniya na biyu. [2] An ga mummunan tasiri a cikin ƙasashe masu arziki da matalauta tare da faɗuwar kuɗin shiga na mutum, farashi, kudaden haraji, da ribar riba. Kasuwancin kasa da kasa ya fadi da fiye da kashi 50%, rashin aikin yi a Amurka ya karu zuwa kashi 23% kuma a wasu kasashe ya karu da kashi 33%.
Garuruwa a duniya sun fuskanci mummunan rauni, musamman wadanda suka dogara da masana'antu masu nauyi. An kusan dakatar da gine-gine a kasashe da dama. Al’ummar noma da yankunan karkara sun sha wahala yayin da farashin amfanin gona ya fadi da kusan kashi 60%. [3] Fuskantar ƙarancin buƙatu da ƴan hanyoyin aiki, yankunan da suka dogara da masana'antu na farko sun fi shan wahala. [4]
Masana tarihi na tattalin arziki yawanci suna la'akari da abin da ke haifar da Great depression a matsayin mummunan faduwar farashin hannayen jari na Amurka, wanda ya fara a ranar 24 ga watan Oktoba, 1929. Duk da haka, wasu suna jayayya da wannan ƙaddamarwa, ganin cewa haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka ya rage a matsayin abin da ke haifar da Bacin rai kuma fiye da haka alama ce ta tashin hankalin masu zuba jari a wani bangare saboda raguwar farashin sannu a hankali sakamakon faduwar tallace-tallace na kayan masarufi (sakamakon yawan samar da kayayyaki saboda sabbin fasahohin samar da kayayyaki, faduwar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje da rashin daidaiton kudin shiga, da dai sauransu) wadanda tuni aka fara aiwatar da su a matsayin wani bangare na gradual Depression.