Ferdinand Magellan
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Ferdinand Magellan (/məˈɡɛlən/ [ /məˈdʒɛlən/; Portuguese, IPA: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃w dɨ mɐɣɐˈʎɐ̃jʃ]; Spanish:, IPA: [feɾˈnando ðe maɣaˈʎanes]; 4 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 1480-27 watan Afrilun shekarar 1521) ɗan ƙasar Portugal ne mai bincike. An fi saninsa da yadda ya shirya kuma ya jagoranci balaguro na shekarar 1519 na Sipaniya zuwa Gabashin Indiyawan da ke kan Tekun Pasifik don buɗe hanyar kasuwanci ta teku, a lokacin ne ya gano hanyar interoceanic da ke ɗauke da sunansa kuma ya sami nasarar fara zirga-zirgar Turai daga Tekun Atlantika zuwa yankin Asiya.
Ferdinand Magellan | |
---|---|
Rayuwa | |
Haihuwa | Ponte da Barca (en) , 1480 |
ƙasa |
Kingdom of Portugal (en) Crown of Castile (en) |
Mutuwa | Mactan (en) , 27 ga Afirilu, 1521 |
Makwanci | unknown value |
Yanayin mutuwa | kisan kai (killed in action (en) ) |
Ƴan uwa | |
Mahaifi | Rui de Rui de Magalhães |
Mahaifiya | Alda de Mesquita |
Abokiyar zama | Beatriz Barbosa (en) |
Karatu | |
Harsuna |
Italiyanci Portuguese language Yaren Sifen |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a | mabudi, sailor (en) da seafarer (en) |
Mahalarcin
| |
Kyaututtuka | |
Aikin soja | |
Digiri | captain (en) |
Ya faɗaci | Battle of Mactan (en) |
A lokacin wannan tafiya, an kashe Magellan a yakin Mactan a shekara ta 1521 a kasar Philippines ta yau, bayan da ya fuskanci turjiya daga al'ummar 'yan asalin da Lapulapu ya jagoranta, wanda a sakamakon haka ya zama alamar kasa ta Philippine na tsayin daka ga mulkin mallaka. Bayan mutuwar Magellan, Juan Sebastián Elcano ya jagoranci balaguron, kuma tare da wasu 'yan tsirarun mambobi a cikin daya daga cikin jiragen ruwa biyu da suka rage, sun kammala zagaye na farko na duniya lokacin da suka koma Spain a shekarar 1522. [1] [2]
An haifi Magellan a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1480 a cikin dangin ƙananan ƴan ƙasar Portugal, Magellan ya zama ƙwararren matukin jirgin ruwa kuma jami'in sojan ruwa a hidimar Crown Portuguese a Asiya. Sarki Manuel ya ki goyon bayan shirin Magellan na isa tsibirin Maluku ("Spice Islands") ta hanyar tafiya zuwa yammacin nahiyar Amurka. Da yake fuskantar tuhumar aikata laifuka, Magellan ya bar Portugal kuma ya ba da shawarar irin wannan balaguron zuwa ga Sarki Charles I na Spain, wanda ya yarda da shi. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa a Portugal sun ɗauke shi maci amana kuma bai dawo ba. [3] [4] A Seville ya yi aure, ya haifi 'ya'ya biyu, kuma ya shirya balaguro. Domin biyayyarsa ga Masarautar Hispaniya, a cikin shekarar 1518, an nada Magellan a matsayin mai kula da jiragen ruwa na Sipaniya kuma ya ba da umarnin balaguro-jirgin ruwa biyar na Armada na Molucca. An kuma nada shi Kwamandan Order of Santiago, daya daga cikin manyan mukamai na soja na Daular Spain. [5]
Ya ba da iko na musamman da gata daga Sarki, ya jagoranci Armada daga Sanlucar de Barrameda kudu maso yammacin Tekun Atlantika, zuwa gabar tekun gabashin Amurka ta Kudu, har zuwa Patagonia. Duk da yawan guguwa da guguwa, balaguron ya samu nasarar ratsa mashigin Magellan zuwa cikin Mar del Sur, wanda Magellan ya sake masa suna "Tekun Aminci" (Tekun Pacific na zamani). Balaguron ya isa Guam kuma, ba da daɗewa ba, tsibirin kasar Philippine. A can aka kashe Magellan a yakin Mactan a cikin watan Afrilun shekarar 1521. A karkashin umarnin kyaftin Juan Sebastian Elcano, balaguron ya isa tsibirin Spice daga baya. Don komawa Spain da kuma guje wa kamawa da Portuguese, sauran jiragen ruwa guda biyu na balaguro sun rabu, daya yana ƙoƙari, bai yi nasara ba, don isa New Spain ta hanyar tafiya zuwa gabas ta tekun Pacific, yayin da ɗayan, Elcano ya umarta, ya yi tafiya zuwa yamma ta Tekun Indiya. har zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika na Afirka, daga karshe suka isa tashar jirgin ruwan balaguro kuma ta haka ne aka kammala zagaye na farko na duniya.
Yayin da yake hidimar Masarautar Portugal, Magellan ya riga ya isa tsibirin Malay a kudu maso gabashin Asiya a tafiye-tafiyen da ya gabata na tafiya gabas (daga shekarar 1505 zuwa 1511-1512). Ta hanyar sake ziyartar wannan yanki amma yanzu tafiya yamma, Magellan ya sami kusan cikakkiyar kewayawa na duniya a karon farko a tarihi.