Cutar Koda
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Cutar koda, wanda kuma aka sani da nephrolithiasis ko urolithiasis, shine lokacin da wani abu mai ƙarfi (dutsen koda) ya tasowa a cikin urinary fili . Duwatsun koda yawanci suna fitowa a cikin koda kuma suna barin jiki a cikin magudanar fitsari. [1] Ƙananan dutse na iya wucewa ba tare da haifar da alamun ba. [1] Idan dutse ya girma zuwa fiye da 5 millimetres (0.2 in), yana iya haifar da toshewar magudanar fitsari, yana haifar da ciwo mai tsanani a ƙasan baya ko cikin ciki . [1] [6] Hakanan dutse na iya haifar da jini a cikin fitsari, amai, ko fitsari mai raɗaɗi . [1] Kimanin rabin mutanen da suka sami ciwon koda za su sake samun wani a cikin shekaru goma. [7]
Kidney stone disease | |
---|---|
A kidney stone, 8 millimeters (0.3 in) in diameter | |
Rabe-rabe da ma'adanai da waje | |
Symptoms | Severe pain in the lower back or abdomen, blood in the urine, vomiting, nausea[1] |
Causes | Genetic and environmental factors[1] |
Diagnosis | Based on symptoms, urine testing, medical imaging[1] |
Similar conditions | Abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, appendicitis, pyelonephritis[2] |
Prevention | Drinking fluids such that more than two liters of urine are produced per day[3] |
Treatment | Pain medication, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy[1] |
Frequency | 22.1 million (2015)[4] |
Deaths | 16,100 (2015)[5] |
Yawancin duwatsu suna samuwa ne saboda haɗuwar kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan muhalli. Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da matakan calcium mai yawa na fitsari ; kiba ; wasu abinci; wasu magunguna; kari na calcium ; hyperparathyroidism ; gout da rashin shan isasshen ruwa. [1] [7] Duwatsu suna samuwa a cikin koda lokacin da ma'adanai a cikin fitsari ke da yawa. [1] Ainihin ganewar asali yawanci yana dogara ne akan alamomi, gwajin fitsari, da hoton likita . [1] Gwajin jini kuma na iya zama da amfani. [1] Duwatsu yawanci ana rarraba su ta wurinsu: nephrolithiasis (a cikin koda), ureterolithiasis (a cikin ureter ), cystolithiasis (a cikin mafitsara ), ko kuma ta abin da aka yi su ( calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, cystine ). . [1]
A cikin wadanda suka samu duwatsu, rigakafin shi ne ta hanyar shan ruwa wanda ake samu fiye da lita biyu na fitsari a rana. [3] Idan wannan bai yi tasiri sosai ba, ana iya gwagwalada ɗaukar thiazide diuretic, citrate, ko allopurinol . [3] Ana ba da shawarar cewa a guji abubuwan sha masu laushi masu ɗauke da phosphoric acid (yawanci colas ). [3] Lokacin da dutse ba ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka, ba a buƙatar magani . In ba haka ba kula da ciwo yawanci shine ma'auni na farko, ta yin amfani da magunguna irin su magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal ko opioids . [6] [8] Ana iya taimakawa manyan duwatsu su wuce tare da maganin tamsulosin [9] ko kuma na iya buƙatar hanyoyin kamar extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, ko nephrolithotomy percutaneous . [1]
Tsakanin kashi 1% zuwa 15% na mutane a duniya suna fama da ciwon koda a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu. [7] A cikin 2015, lokuta miliyan 22.1 sun faru, [4] wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kusan 16,100. [5] Sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a yammacin duniya tun shekarun 1970s. [7] Gabaɗaya, maza sun fi mata yawa. Dutsen koda ya shafi mutane a cikin tarihi tare da bayanin tiyata don cire su tun daga farkon 600 BC.