Biochemistry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Biochemistry ko ilmin sunadarai na halitta shine nazarin hanyoyin sinadarai a ciki da kuma alaƙa da rayayyun halittu. Karamin horo na duka biyun sunadarai da ilmin halitta, biochemistry na iya kasuwa kashi uku: ilmin halitta tsarin, enzymology da metabolism. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na karni na 20, ilimin kimiyyar halittu ya sami nasara wajen bayyana tsarin rayuwa ta waɗannan fannoni uku. Kusan dukkan fannonin kimiyyar rayuwa ana buɗe su kuma ana haɓaka su ta hanyar hanyoyin nazarin halittu da bincike. [1] Biochemistry yana mai da hankali kan fahimtar tushen sinadarai wanda ke ba da damar kwayoyin halitta damar haifar da hanyoyin da ke faruwa a cikin sel masu rai da tsakanin sel, [2] bi da bi yana da alaƙa sosai ga fahimtar kyallen takarda da gabobin jiki, da tsarin kwayoyin halitta da aiki. [3] Biochemistry yana da alaƙa ta kud da kud da ilmin halitta, wanda shine nazarin hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta na abubuwan mamaki. [4]
Biochemistry | |
---|---|
interdisciplinary science (en) , branch of chemistry (en) , branch of biology (en) da academic discipline (en) | |
Bayanai | |
Ƙaramin ɓangare na | biology da Organic chemistry |
Bangare na | kimiya da biology |
Tarihin maudu'i | history of biochemistry (en) |
Gudanarwan | biochemist (en) |
Yawancin kwayoyin halitta suna hulɗar da tsarin, haɗin kai, ayyuka, da hulɗar macromolecules na halitta, irin su sunadarai, acid nucleic, carbohydrates, da lipids. Suna samar da tsarin sel kuma suna yin yawancin ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da rayuwa. [5] Har ila yau, sunadarai na tantanin halitta ya dogara da halayen ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ions. Wadannan na iya zama inorganic (misali, ruwa da ions karfe) ko kwayoyin halitta (misali, amino acid, waɗanda ake amfani da su don haɗa sunadarai). [6] Hanyoyin da sel ke amfani da su don amfani da makamashi daga muhallinsu ta hanyar halayen sinadarai an san su da metabolism. Ana amfani da sakamakon binciken kimiyyar halittu da farko a cikin magunguna, abinci mai gina jiki da aikin gona. A cikin magani, masana kimiyyar halittu suna bincika musabbabi da kuma maganin cututtuka. [7] Abincin abinci yana nazarin yadda ake kula da lafiya da lafiya da kuma illolin rashin abinci mai gina jiki. [8] A aikin gona, masana kimiyyar halittu suna binciken ƙasa da takin zamani. Haɓaka noman amfanin gona, adana amfanin gona, da magance kwari suma burinsu ne. Biochemistry yana da matukar mahimmanci tunda yana taimaka wa mutane su koyi game da batutuwa masu rikitarwa kamar prions.