Arrishaght
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Ayns bea-oaylleeaght, ta arrishaght çheet er caslys eddyr daa phossan dy vioagyn ta coadey nane ny'n jees oc. Ta arrishaght chummey, ymmyrkey, heeanagh as hoar ry-akin, as yn arrishagh cummal 'syn ynnyd cheddin as y bun-hampleyr echey.[1][2]
Ta arrishaght ayn tra ta possan dy vioagyn (arrishee) gaafilley co-hroyn marish possan elley (bun-hampleyryn), as ad ry-ennaghtyn ec bioagyn elley. 'Sy cheeayll s'lhea, t'eh goaill stiagh bun-hampleyryn neuvio. Ta'n aafilley shen liorish trimmid reihyssagh bioag molleydagh ta cronnaghey as toiggal (ny share, mee-hoiggal) y co-hro dy vondeishagh da'n arrishagh.[2] Myr shen, ta ushagyn croghey er keeayll shilley dys feddyn shey-chassee blasstal ny meevlasstal; ta shen cur trimmid er adsyn blasstal dy yeeaghyn gollrish adsyn meevlasstal do nagh jed ad er ee. Cha nel eh casley rish aafilley co-chleaynagh[noa] (convergent evolution), caslys eddyr daa ghooie er bun aafilley neuchroghee da aghtyn baghee ny da çhymbyllaghtyn ta cosoylagh rish y cheilley.
She corys arrishagh ee y chooish. She dooieyn ad ny possanyn son y chooid smoo, agh ny keayrtyn she keintys ny croo er lheh t'ayn. Ny keayrtyn, ta'n arrishagh jannoo arrish er y dooie echey hene (hene-arrishaght). Son y chooid smoo, she bioag eddyr eh y molleydagh, myr sampleyr co-chragheyder y daa ghooie; agh ny keayrtyn she y bun-hampleyr hene t'ayn, myr sampleyr lhemeen ta jannoo arrish er doo-oallee craghagh dys shaghey goll er ee.[3]
Son y chooid smoo, ta arrishaght cur vondeish da'n arrishagh as jannoo jeeyl da'n volleydagh, agh t'eh croghey er y torçh dy arrishaght t'ayn. Ny keayrtyn, cha nodmayd feddyn bun-hampleyr er lheh da arrishagh; myr sampleyr, keiltynys ny cowrey sooilley[noa] (eyespot). Ayns dagh cooish, ta'n cowrey moylley y molleydagh do nagh ver eh enney kiart er yn arrishagh. She sorçh dy cho-aafilley t'ayn, as immeeaght eillaghyn aafilleydagh[noa] (evolutionary arms race) son y chooid smoo.[4]
Ny keayrtyn, ta bun-hampleyr er lheh ec dagh amm bea yn arrishagh. Ta kuse dy ghooie yl-chrooagh as ta unnanee jannoo arrish er caghlaaghyn bun-hampleyr. Ny keayrtyn, ta ny smoo na un arrishagh ec bun-hampleyr ennagh, agh ta reih fo venkid[noa] (frequency-dependent selection) cur foayr da corys as ny smoo bioagyn bun-hampleyragh na arrishagh ayn. Dy cadjin, ta faggys-mooinjerys eddyr bun-hampleyr as arrishagh, agh ta cooishyn elley ayn.[5] Ta'n chooid smoo dy arrishee nyn shey-chassee.[1] Ta arrishaght ry-akin mastey lossreeyn as fungyssyn myrgeddin.[6][7][8]