Zhang Zuolin
Chinese warlord and politician (1875–1928) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Zhang Zuolin[lower-alpha 1] (March 19, 1875 – June 4, 1928) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Manchuria from 1916 to 1928. He led the Fengtian clique, one of the most important factions during China's Warlord Era. During the last year of his life, he briefly installed himself as President of the Republic of China.
Zhang Zuolin | |
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張作霖 | |
Generalissimo of the Military Government of China | |
In office 18 June 1927 – 4 June 1928 | |
Premier | Pan Fu |
Preceded by | Wellington Koo (as acting president) |
Succeeded by | Tan Yankai (as chairman of the national government) |
Warlord of Manchuria | |
In office 1922 – June 4, 1928 | |
Succeeded by | Zhang Xueliang |
Personal details | |
Born | (1875-03-19)March 19, 1875 Haicheng, Liaoning Province, Qing Empire |
Died | June 4, 1928(1928-06-04) (aged 53) Shenyang, Liaoning Province, First Republic of China |
Manner of death | Assassination |
Nationality | Chinese |
Political party | Fengtian clique |
Spouses |
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Children | 14, including:
|
Awards | Order of Rank and Merit Order of the Golden Grain Order of Wen-Hu |
Nickname(s) | Old Marshal Rain Marshal Mukden Tiger King of the Northeast |
Military service | |
Allegiance | |
Years of service | 1900–1928 |
Rank | Grand Marshal of the Republic of China, generalissimo |
Battles/wars | |
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Backed by Japan, Zhang successfully influenced politics in the Republic of China during the early 1920s. In the fall of 1924, during the Second Zhili–Fengtian War, he invaded and gained control of Beijing, including the internationally recognized government, in April 1926. His appointment as grand marshal of the Republic of China in June 1927 represented the height of his success, but was quickly followed by defeat: the economy of Manchuria, the basis of his power, was overtaxed by his adventurism and collapsed in the winter of 1927; and he was defeated by the National Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang under Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in May 1928. Leaving Beijing in early June to return to Manchuria, he was killed by a bomb planted by infuriated Kwantung Army officers on June 4, 1928; his brief reign presaged the formal reunification of China by December.