Verdigris
Green copper-based pigment / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Verdigris /ˈvɜːrdɪɡriː(s)/[1] is a common name for any of a variety of somewhat poisonous[2][3][4][5] copper salts of acetic acid, which range in colour from green to a bluish-green depending on their chemical composition.[6]: 132 Once used as a medicine[7][8] and pharmaceutical preparation,[9]: 176 [10] Verdigris occurs naturally, creating a patina on copper, bronze, and brass, and is the main component of a historic green pigment used for artistic purposes from antiquity until the late 20th century, including in easel painting, polychromatic sculptures, and illumination of maps.[10]: 414–423 [11] However, due to its instability, its popularity declined as other green pigments became readily available.[9]: 171 The instability of its appearance stems from its hydration level and basicity, which changes as the pigment interacts with other materials over time.[12]: 637