User:Mr. Ibrahem/COVID-19
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).[5] Symptoms often include fever, cough, breathing difficulties, tiredness, headache, loss of smell and taste, sore throat, vomiting, and diarrhea.[2] Onset is usually two to fourteen days after exposure to the virus.[2] Some people; however, develop no symptoms.[3]
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) | |
---|---|
Other names | COVID, Covid, (the) coronavirus |
Transmission and life-cycle of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19. | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Infectious disease |
Symptoms | Fever, cough, shortness of breath, tiredness, loss of smell;[2] some are asymptomatic[3] |
Complications | Blood clots, heart disease, kidney problems, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, chronic COVID syndrome[4] |
Usual onset | 2–14 days (typically 5) from infection[2][5] |
Diagnostic method | Rapid antigen test, PCR test[5] |
Prevention | Physical distancing, face masks, ventilation, quarantine, vaccination[5][6][7] |
Treatment | Supportive and symptomatic[8] |
Medication | Non-hospitalized: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, sotrovimab, molnupiravir[8] Severe: Oxygen therapy, dexamethasone, remdesivir[8] Critical care: Tocilizumab, sarilumab[8] |
Prognosis | 20% require hospitalization[5] |
Frequency | 676,609,955[9] |
Deaths | ~20 million (as of Dec 31, 2021)[10] |
Spread occurs mainly when an infected person is in close contact with another person.[11] This may occur by either airborne transmission or small droplets containing the virus.[12][13] Less commonly, the virus may spread via contaminated surfaces.[11] People can transmit the virus two days before they show symptoms, and generally remain infectious for up to 10 days, though those with severe disease maybe infectious longer.[12][14] Diagnosis is generally by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or rapid antigen test from a nose or throat swab.[5]
Preventive measures include physical distancing, use of a high quality face mask, ventilation of indoor spaces, and quarantine.[5][6][15] Several vaccines also decrease the risk.[7] Much of treatment is symptomatic and supportive.[8] In those who do not require hospitalization, but are at high risk, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, sotrovimab, or molnupiravir may be used.[8] For those who require oxygen therapy, dexamethasone and remdesivir may be used.[8] For those who required critical care tocilizumab or sarilumab may be added.[8]
Of those people who develop symptoms, around 80% recover without needing hospitalization, 15% require oxygen therapy, and 5% require intensive care.[5] Older people and those with other health problems are at a higher risk.[5] While most get better after a few weeks, some continue to experience a range of effects (long COVID) for months.[16] As of 3 May 2024, at least 676 million cases have been confirmed, which has resulted in more than 6.88 million deaths.[9] The actual number of deaths was; however, estimated at nearly 20 million as of December 31st 2021.[10] The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.[17] The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic.[18]