Science diplomacy
International scientific cooperation / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Science diplomacy is the process by which states represent themselves and their interests in the international arena[1] as well as the use of scientific collaborations among nations, international organizations and non-state actors to address common problems and to build international partnerships. Science diplomacy has become an umbrella term to describe a number of formal or informal technical, research-based, academic or engineering exchanges. The term science diplomacy only became popular in the 2010s, as a description of the need for new strategic partnerships. Until then, science diplomacy initiatives were often called “smart power” or “soft power” by those in the field. Science diplomacy can be seen as a sub-field of international relations[2][3][4] and typically involves at some level interactions between scholars and officials involved in diplomacy,[5] although whether scientist diplomats or diplomat scientists are more effective is an open question.[6] The theoretical framework of science diplomacy is under scrutiny, as it grapples with the tension between idealistic goals and practical demands in an era characterised by new conflicts and global crises. The majority of critics who have examined the original concept have highlighted the significant vulnerability of science as a public good.[7]