Risperidone
Antipsychotic medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Risperidone, sold under the brand name Risperdal among others, is an atypical antipsychotic[2] used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.[2] It is taken either by mouth or by injection (subcutaneous or intramuscular).[2] The injectable versions are long-acting and last for 2–4 weeks.[9]
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Trade names | Risperdal, Okedi, others[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a694015 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intramuscular, subcutaneous |
Drug class | Atypical antipsychotic[2] |
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Bioavailability | 70% (by mouth)[2] |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP2D6 mediated to 9-hydroxyrisperidone)[2] |
Elimination half-life | 20 hours (by mouth), 3–6 days (IM)[2] |
Excretion | Urinary (70%) feces (14%)[2] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.114.705 |
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Formula | C23H27FN4O2 |
Molar mass | 410.493 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include severe depression, movement problems, sleepiness, dizziness, trouble seeing, constipation, and increased weight.[2][10] Serious side effects may include the potentially permanent movement disorder tardive dyskinesia, as well as neuroleptic malignant syndrome, an increased risk of suicide, and high blood sugar levels.[2][9] In older people with psychosis as a result of dementia, it may increase the risk of death.[2] It is unknown if it is safe for use in pregnancy.[2] Its mechanism of action is not entirely clear, but is believed to be related to its action as a dopamine and serotonin antagonist.[2]
Study of risperidone began in the late 1980s and it was approved for sale in the United States in 1993.[2][11][7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[12] It is available as a generic medication.[9] In 2021, it was the 138th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions.[13][14]