Potassium perchlorate
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Potassium perchlorate is the inorganic salt with the chemical formula KClO4. Like other perchlorates, this salt is a strong oxidizer although it usually reacts very slowly with organic substances. This, usually obtained as a colorless, crystalline solid, is a common oxidizer used in fireworks, ammunition percussion caps, explosive primers, and is used variously in propellants, flash compositions, stars, and sparklers. It has been used as a solid rocket propellant, although in that application it has mostly been replaced by the higher performance ammonium perchlorate.
Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...
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Names | |||
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Other names
Potassium chlorate(VII); Perchloric acid, potassium salt; peroidin | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.011 | ||
EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1489 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |||
KClO4 | |||
Molar mass | 138.55 g/mol | ||
Appearance | colourless/ white crystalline powder | ||
Density | 2.5239 g/cm3 | ||
Melting point | 610 °C (1,130 °F; 883 K) decomposes from 400 °C[1][2] | ||
0.76 g/100 mL (0 °C) 1.5 g/100 mL (25 °C)[3] 4.76 g/100 mL (40 °C) 21.08 g/100 mL (100 °C)[4] | |||
Solubility product (Ksp) |
1.05·10−2[5] | ||
Solubility | negligible in alcohol insoluble in ether | ||
Solubility in ethanol | 47 mg/kg (0 °C) 120 mg/kg (25 °C)[4] | ||
Solubility in acetone | 1.6 g/kg[4] | ||
Solubility in ethyl acetate | 15 mg/kg[4] | ||
Refractive index (nD) |
1.4724 | ||
Structure | |||
Rhombohedral | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
111.35 J/mol·K[6] | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
150.86 J/mol·K[6] | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
-433 kJ/mol[7] | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
-300.4 kJ/mol[4] | ||
Hazards | |||
GHS labelling: | |||
[2] | |||
Danger | |||
H271, H302, H335[2] | |||
P220, P280[2] | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | MSDS | ||
Related compounds | |||
Other anions |
Potassium chloride Potassium chlorate Potassium periodate | ||
Other cations |
Ammonium perchlorate Sodium perchlorate | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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