Phosphoric acid
Chemical compound (PO(OH)3) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Phosphoric acid | |||
Other names
Orthophosphoric acid | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.758 | ||
EC Number |
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E number | E338 (antioxidants, ...) | ||
KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1805 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |||
H3PO4 | |||
Molar mass | 97.994 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colorless solid | ||
Odor | Odorless | ||
Density | 1.6845 g/cm3 (25 °C, 85%),[1] 1.834 g/cm3 (solid)[2] | ||
Melting point | 42.35 °C (108.23 °F; 315.50 K) anhydrous[3] 29.32 °C (84.78 °F; 302.47 K) hemihydrate[4] | ||
Boiling point | |||
Solubility | Soluble in ethanol | ||
log P | −2.15[9] | ||
Vapor pressure | 0.03 mmHg (20 °C)[10] | ||
Conjugate base | Dihydrogen phosphate | ||
−43.8·10−6 cm3/mol[11] | |||
Refractive index (nD) |
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Viscosity | 2.4–9.4 cP (85% aq. soln.) 147 cP (100%) | ||
Structure | |||
Monoclinic | |||
Tetrahedral | |||
Thermochemistry[13] | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
145.0 J/(mol⋅K) | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
150.8 J/(mol⋅K) | ||
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−1271.7 kJ/mol | ||
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
−1123.6 kJ/mol | ||
Hazards | |||
GHS labelling: | |||
[14] | |||
Danger | |||
H290, H314[14] | |||
P280, P305+P351+P338, P310[14] | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | Non-flammable | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
1530 mg/kg (rat, oral)[15] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 1 mg/m3[10] | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 1 mg/m3 ST 3 mg/m3[10] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
1000 mg/m3[10] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 1008 | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related phosphorus oxoacids |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H3PO4. It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a major industrial chemical, being a component of many fertilizers.
The compound is an acid. Removal of all three H+ ions gives the phosphate ion PO3−4. Removal of one or two protons gives dihydrogen phosphate ion H2PO−4, and the hydrogen phosphate ion HPO2−4, respectively. Phosphoric acid forms esters, called organophosphates.[16]
The name "orthophosphoric acid" can be used to distinguish this specific acid from other "phosphoric acids", such as pyrophosphoric acid. Nevertheless, the term "phosphoric acid" often means this specific compound; and that is the current IUPAC nomenclature.