Omeprazole
Medication to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and other conditions / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Omeprazole, sold under the brand names Prilosec and Losec, among others, is a medication used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.[1] It is also used to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people who are at high risk.[1] Omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and its effectiveness is similar to that of other PPIs.[9] It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.[1][10] It is also available in the fixed-dose combination medication omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate as Zegerid[11][12] and as Konvomep.[13]
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Pronunciation | /oʊˈmɛprəzoʊl/ |
Trade names | Losec, Prilosec, others[1][2] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a693050 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous |
Drug class | Proton-pump inhibitor |
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Bioavailability | 35–76%[6][7] |
Protein binding | 95% |
Metabolism | Liver (CYP2C19, CYP3A4) |
Elimination half-life | 1–1.2 hours |
Excretion | 80% (urine) 20% (bile via feces) |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.122.967 |
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Formula | C17H19N3O3S |
Molar mass | 345.42 g·mol−1 |
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Chirality | Racemic mixture |
Density | 1.4±0.1[8] g/cm3 |
Melting point | 156 °C (313 °F) |
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Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headaches, abdominal pain, and increased intestinal gas.[1][14] Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis, an increased risk of pneumonia, an increased risk of bone fractures, and the potential of masking stomach cancer.[1] Whether it is safe for use in pregnancy is unclear.[1] It works by blocking the release of stomach acid.[1]
Omeprazole was patented in 1978, and approved for medical use in 1988.[15][16] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[17] It is available as a generic medication.[1] In 2021, it was the eighth-most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 54 million prescriptions.[18][19] It is also available without a prescription in the United States.[20][21]