Loperamide
Medicine used to reduce diarrhea / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium, among others,[1] is a medication of the opioid receptor agonist class used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea.[4] It is often used for this purpose in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and short bowel syndrome.[4] It is not recommended for those with blood in the stool, mucus in the stool, or fevers.[4] The medication is taken by mouth.[4]
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Pronunciation | /loʊˈpɛrəmaɪd/ |
Trade names | Imodium, others[1] |
Other names | R-18553, Loperamide hydrochloride (USAN US) |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682280 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
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Bioavailability | 0.3% |
Protein binding | 97% |
Metabolism | Liver (extensive) |
Elimination half-life | 9–14 hours[4] |
Excretion | Feces (30–40%), urine (1%) |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.053.088 |
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Formula | C29H33ClN2O2 |
Molar mass | 477.05 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include abdominal pain, constipation, sleepiness, vomiting, and a dry mouth.[4] It may increase the risk of toxic megacolon.[4] Loperamide's safety in pregnancy is unclear, but no evidence of harm has been found.[5] It appears to be safe in breastfeeding.[6] It is an opioid with no significant absorption from the gut and does not cross the blood–brain barrier when used at normal doses.[7] It works by slowing the contractions of the intestines.[4]
Loperamide was first made in 1969 and used medically in 1976.[8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] Loperamide is available as a generic medication.[4][10] In 2021, it was the 287th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions.[11][12]