Lithium–silicon battery
Silicon-based subclass of lithium-ion battery technology / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Lithium–silicon batteries are lithium-ion battery that employ a silicon-based anode and lithium ions as the charge carriers.[1] Silicon based materials generally have a much larger specific capacity, for example 3600 mAh/g for pristine silicon,[2] relative to the standard anode material graphite, which is limited to a maximum theoretical capacity of 372 mAh/g for the fully lithiated state LiC6.[3]
Silicon's large volume change (approximately 400% based on crystallographic densities) when lithium is inserted, along with high reactivity in the charged state, are obstacles to commercializing this type of anode.[4] Commercial battery anodes may have small amounts of silicon, boosting their performance slightly. The amounts are closely held trade secrets, limited as of 2018 to at most 10% of the anode.[citation needed] Lithium-silicon batteries also include cell configurations where silicon is in compounds that may at low voltage store lithium by a displacement reaction, including silicon oxycarbide, silicon monoxide or silicon nitride.[5]