Lithium hydroxide
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Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated, and both forms are white hygroscopic solids. They are soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. Both are available commercially. While classified as a strong base, lithium hydroxide is the weakest known alkali metal hydroxide.
Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...
Names | |
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IUPAC name
Lithium hydroxide | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.804 |
68415 | |
PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII |
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UN number | 2680 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
LiOH | |
Molar mass |
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Appearance | Hygroscopic white solid |
Odor | none |
Density |
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Melting point | 462 °C (864 °F; 735 K) |
Boiling point | 924 °C (1,695 °F; 1,197 K) (decomposes) |
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Solubility in methanol |
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Solubility in ethanol |
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Solubility in isopropanol |
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Acidity (pKa) | 14.4[3] |
Conjugate base | Lithium monoxide anion |
−12.3·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) |
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4.754 D[4] | |
Thermochemistry[5] | |
Heat capacity (C) |
49.6 J/(mol·K) |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
42.8 J/(mol·K) |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−487.5 kJ/mol |
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
−441.5 kJ/mol |
Enthalpy of fusion (ΔfH⦵fus) |
20.9 kJ/mol (at melting point) |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Corrosive |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | Non-flammable |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
210 mg/kg (oral, rat)[6] |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | "ICSC 0913". "ICSC 0914". (monohydrate) |
Related compounds | |
Other anions |
Lithium amide |
Other cations |
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Related compounds |
Lithium oxide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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