KMS state
Type of state in thermal systems / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In the statistical mechanics of quantum mechanical systems and quantum field theory, the properties of a system in thermal equilibrium can be described by a mathematical object called a Kubo–Martin–Schwinger (KMS) state: a state satisfying the KMS condition.
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Ryogo Kubo introduced the condition in 1957,[1] Paul C. Martin [de] and Julian Schwinger used it in 1959 to define thermodynamic Green's functions,[2] and Rudolf Haag, Marinus Winnink and Nico Hugenholtz used the condition in 1967 to define equilibrium states and called it the KMS condition.[3]