Ivan Mazepa
Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks from 1687 to 1708 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa[lower-alpha 1] (Ukrainian: Іван Степанович Мазепа; Polish: Iwan Mazepa Kołodyński; 30 March [O.S. 20 March] 1639 – 2 October [O.S. 21 September] 1709)[2] was a Ukrainian military, political, and civic leader who served as the Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host and the Left-bank Ukraine in 1687–1708. The historical events of Mazepa's life have inspired many literary, artistic and musical works. He was famous as a patron of the arts.
Ivan Mazepa | |
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Іван Мазепа | |
Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host | |
In office 25 July 1687 – 11 November 1708 | |
Preceded by | Ivan Samoylovych |
Succeeded by |
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Personal details | |
Born | 30 March 1639 (NS) Bila Tserkva, Kiev Voivodeship, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
Died | 2 October 1709(1709-10-02) (aged 70) (NS) Bender (Tighina), Principality of Moldavia |
Nationality | Ukrainian |
Spouse | Hanna Polovets (1642–1704) |
Signature | |
Mazepa played an important role in the Battle of Poltava (1709), where after learning that Tsar Peter I intended to relieve him as acting Hetman (military leader) of Zaporozhian Host (a Cossack state) and to replace him with Alexander Menshikov, he defected from his army and sided with King Charles XII of Sweden. The political consequences and interpretation of this defection have resonated in the national histories both of Russia and of Ukraine.
The Russian Orthodox Church laid an anathema (excommunication) on Mazepa's name in 1708 and still refuses to revoke it. The anathema was not recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, which considers it uncanonical and imposed with political motives as a means of political and ideological repression, with no religious, theological or canonical reasons.[3]
Pro-independence and anti-Russian elements in Ukraine from the 18th century onwards were derogatorily referred to as Mazepintsy (Russian: Мазепинцы, lit. 'Mazepists').[4][5] The alienation of Mazepa from Ukrainian historiography continued during the Soviet period, but post-1991 in independent Ukraine Mazepa's image has been gradually rehabilitated.[citation needed]
The Ukrainian corvette Hetman Ivan Mazepa of the Ukrainian Navy is named after him.[6]