Itraconazole
Medication used to treat fungal infections / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Itraconazole, sometimes abbreviated ITZ, is an antifungal medication used to treat a number of fungal infections.[7] This includes aspergillosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis.[7] It may be given by mouth or intravenously.[7]
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Trade names | Sporanox, Sporaz, Orungal, others |
Other names | ITZ |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a692049 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, solution), vaginal suppository, intravenous |
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Bioavailability | ~55%, maximal if taken with full meal |
Protein binding | 99.8% |
Metabolism | Extensive in liver (CYP3A4) |
Metabolites | Hydroxy-itraconazole, keto-itraconazole, N-desalkyl-itraconazole[4] |
Elimination half-life | 21 hours |
Excretion | Kidney (35%), faeces (54%)[5] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.123.596 |
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Formula | C35H38Cl2N8O4 |
Molar mass | 705.64 g·mol−1 |
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Chirality | Racemic mixture |
Melting point | 165[6] °C (329 °F) |
Solubility in water | 7.8 ± 0.4 × 10−6 mol/L (pH 1.6)[6] mg/mL (20 °C) |
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Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, rash, and headache.[7] Severe side effects may include liver problems, heart failure, Stevens–Johnson syndrome and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.[7] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe.[1] It is in the triazole family of medications.[7] It stops fungal growth by affecting the cell membrane or affecting their metabolism.[7]
Itraconazole was patented in 1978 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1992.[7][8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9]
Recent research works suggest itraconazole (ITZ) could also be used in the treatment of cancer by inhibiting the hedgehog pathway[10] in a similar way to sonidegib.