Imperial decree of declaration of war against foreign powers
Qing dynasty edict against Western imperialism in China / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Imperial Decree of declaration of war against foreign powers (Chinese: 宣戰詔書) was a simultaneous declaration of war by the Qing dynasty in 1900 against eleven foreign powers which held varying degrees of influence in China: Russia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The declaration of war was one of the direct causes of the Boxer Rebellion and the Eight-Nation Alliance's formation, which then led to Boxer Protocol. This Imperial decree was officially issued in the name of Guangxu Emperor, bearing his official Imperial seal. The Emperor of China was in effect under house arrest, ordered by Empress Dowager Cixi at that time, and the full administrative power was in the hand of the Empress Dowager.[1][2]
Imperial decree of declaration of war against foreign powers | |||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 宣戰詔書 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 宣战诏书 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Edict declaring war | ||||||||
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