Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica
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A Historic Site or Monument (HSM) is a protected location of historic interest on the continent of Antarctica, or on its adjacent islands. The list of historic sites was first drawn up in 1972,[1] and has since expanded to cover 95 sites, with the most recent listed in 2021.[2] Five sites have been removed from the list for various reasons.
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Historic Sites and Monuments are protected under the Antarctic Treaty System, as one of three classes of Antarctic Protected Areas.[3]
The criteria for listing a site are that it should fulfil one or more of the following criteria:[4]
- a particular historic event occurred at that location;
- it is associated with a significant person in Antarctic history;
- it is associated with a significant feat of "endurance or achievement";
- it is representative of a wider activity "important in the development and knowledge of Antarctica";
- the building itself is of intrinsic technical, historical, cultural or architectural significance;
- it has educational potential about "significant human activities" in Antarctica; or that
- it has "symbolic or commemorative value for people of many nations"