Helmholtz decomposition
Certain vector fields are the sum of an irrotational and a solenoidal vector field / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In physics and mathematics, the Helmholtz decomposition theorem or the fundamental theorem of vector calculus[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] states that any sufficiently smooth, rapidly decaying vector field in three dimensions can be resolved into the sum of an irrotational (curl-free) vector field and a solenoidal (divergence-free) vector field. This is named after Hermann von Helmholtz.