Gyrokinetic ElectroMagnetic
Gyrokinetic plasma turbulence simulation / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Gyrokinetic ElectroMagnetic (GEM) is a gyrokinetic plasma turbulence simulation that uses the particle-in-cell method. It is used to study waves, instabilities and nonlinear behavior of tokamak fusion plasmas. Information about GEM can be found at the GEM web page. [1] There are two versions of GEM, one is a flux-tube version [2] and the other one is a global general geometry version.[3] Both versions of GEM use a field-aligned coordinate system. Ions are treated kinetically, but averaged over their gyro-obits and electrons are treated as drift-kinetic.