Farhud
1941 anti-Jewish massacre in Baghdad, Iraq / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Farhud (also Farhood; Arabic: الفرهود) was the pogrom or the "violent dispossession" that was carried out against the Jewish population of Baghdad, Iraq, on 1–2 June 1941, immediately following the British victory in the Anglo-Iraqi War. The riots occurred in a power vacuum that followed the collapse of the pro-Nazi government of Rashid Ali while the city was in a state of instability.[2][3][4] The violence came immediately after the rapid defeat of Rashid Ali by British forces, whose earlier coup had generated a short period of national euphoria, and was fueled by allegations that Iraqi Jews had aided the British.[5] More than 180 Jews were killed[6] and 1,000 injured, although some non-Jewish rioters were also killed in the attempt to quell the violence.[7] Looting of Jewish property took place and 900 Jewish homes were destroyed.[1]
Farhud | |
---|---|
Part of Anglo–Iraqi War | |
Location | Baghdad, Iraq |
Date | 1–2 June 1941 |
Target | Iraqi Jews |
Attack type | Pogrom |
Deaths | ~175[1] ~300–400 pogromists killed during suppression |
Injured | 1,000 |
Perpetrators | Rashid Ali, Yunis al-Sabawi, al-Futuwa youths, and Iraqi mobs |
The Farhud took place during the Jewish holiday of Shavuot. It has been referred to as a pogrom which was part of the Holocaust, though its inclusion as such has been disputed.[8][9] The event spurred the migration of Iraqi Jews out of the country, although a direct connection to the 1951–1952 Jewish exodus from Iraq is also disputed,[note 1][11][12] as many Jews who left Iraq immediately following the Farhud later returned to the country, and permanent Jewish emigration out of Iraq did not accelerate significantly until 1950–1951.[10][13] According to Hayyim Cohen, the Farhud "was the only [such event][clarification needed] known to the Jews of Iraq, at least during their last hundred years of life there".[14][15] Historian Edy Cohen writes that up until the Farhud, Jews had enjoyed relatively favorable conditions and coexistence with Muslims in Iraq.[16][17]