Euteleostomi
Clade including most vertebrates / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Euteleostomi (Eu-teleostomi[lower-alpha 1], where Eu- comes from Greek εὖ 'well, good'[lower-alpha 2] or Euteleostomes, also known as "bony vertebrates"[lower-alpha 3]) is a successful clade that includes more than 90% of the living species of vertebrates. Both its major subgroups are successful today: Actinopterygii includes most extant bony fish species, and Sarcopterygii includes the tetrapods.
Euteleostomes | |
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Individual organisms from each major Euteleostomi group. Clockwise, starting from top left:
Fire salamander (Amphibia), saltwater crocodile (Reptilia), southern cassowary (Aves), black-and-rufous giant elephant shrew (Mammalia), ocean sunfish (Osteichthyes) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Teleostomi |
Clade: | Euteleostomi |
Subgroups | |
Euteleostomes originally all had an endochondral bone, fins with lepidotrichs (fin rays), jaws lined by maxillary, premaxillary, and dentary bones composed of dermal bone, and lungs. Many of these characters have since been lost by descendant groups, however, such as lepidotrichs lost in tetrapods, and bone lost among the chondrostean fishes. Lungs have been retained in dipnoi (lungfish), and many tetrapods (birds, mammals, reptiles, and some amphibians). In many ray-finned fishes, lungs have evolved into swim bladders for regulating buoyancy, while in others they continue to be used as respiratory gas bladders.[5][6][7]