Etynodiol diacetate
Chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Etynodiol diacetate, or ethynodiol diacetate, sold under the brand name Ovulen among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills.[4][5][6] The medication is available only in combination with an estrogen.[7] It is taken by mouth.[8]
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Trade names | Ovulen, Demulen, others |
Other names | Ethynodiol diacetate; Norethindrol diacetate; 3β-Hydroxynorethisterone 3β,17β-diacetate;[1] 17α-Ethynylestr-4-ene-3β,17β-diyl diacetate; CB-8080; SC-11800 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Progestogen; Progestin; Progestogen ester |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.496 |
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Formula | C24H32O4 |
Molar mass | 384.516 g·mol−1 |
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Etynodiol diacetate is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone.[9][10] It has weak androgenic and estrogenic activity and no other important hormonal activity.[11][12][13] The medication is a prodrug of norethisterone in the body, with etynodiol occurring as an intermediate.[9][10][14]
Etynodiol, a related compound, was discovered in 1954, and etynodiol diacetate was introduced for medical use in 1965.[15][16] The combination ethynodiol with mestranol (Ovulen) was approved for medical use in the United States in 1966.[17] The combination ethinylestradiol with ethynodiol (Demulen) was approved for medical use in the United States in 1970.[18]
In 2021, the combination with ethinylestradiol was the 276th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions.[19][20]