Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
French polymath and naturalist (1783–1840) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃stɑ̃tin samɥɛl ʁafinɛsk(ə)ʃmalts]; 22 October 1783 – 18 September 1840) was a French early 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimately settling in Ohio in 1815, where he made notable contributions to botany, zoology, and the study of prehistoric earthworks in North America. He also contributed to the study of ancient Mesoamerican linguistics, in addition to work he had already completed in Europe.
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque | |
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Born | Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (1783-10-22)22 October 1783 Galata, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire |
Died | 18 September 1840(1840-09-18) (aged 56) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US |
Nationality | French |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Biologist |
Author abbrev. (botany) | Raf. |
Rafinesque was an eccentric and erratic genius.[1] He was an autodidact, who excelled in various fields of knowledge, as a zoologist, botanist, writer and polyglot. He wrote prolifically on such diverse topics as anthropology, biology, geology, and linguistics, but was honored in none of these fields during his lifetime. Indeed, he was an outcast in the American scientific community and his submissions were automatically rejected by leading journals. Among his theories were that ancestors of Native Americans had migrated by the Bering Sea from Asia to North America,[2][3] and that the Americas were populated by black indigenous peoples at the time of European contact.[4]