Biblical Hebrew orthography
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Biblical Hebrew orthography refers to the various systems which have been used to write the Biblical Hebrew language. Biblical Hebrew has been written in a number of different writing systems over time, and in those systems its spelling and punctuation have also undergone changes.
More information Name, Paleo-Hebrew ...
Name | Paleo-Hebrew | Block | Samaritan | Phonetic value (Pre-Exilic)[1][2] (IPA) |
Greek (LXX, Secunda)[3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aleph | א | ࠀ | [ʔ], ∅ | ∅ | |
Beth | ב | ࠁ | [b] | β | |
Gimel | ג | ࠂ | [ɡ] | γ | |
Daleth | ד | ࠃ | [d] | δ | |
He | ה | ࠄ | [h], ∅ | ∅ | |
Waw | ו | ࠅ | [w], ∅ | ου, υ, ω5 | |
Zayin | ז | ࠆ | [z] | ζ2, (σ2) | |
Heth | ח | ࠇ | [ħ]1, [χ][4][5] | ∅, χ4 | |
Teth | ט | ࠈ | [tʼ][4][5] | τ | |
Yodh | י | ࠉ | [j], ∅ | ι | |
Kaph | כ, ך | ࠊ | [k] | χ3, (κ3) | |
Lamedh | ל | ࠋ | [l] | λ | |
Mem | מ, ם | ࠌ | [m] | μ | |
Nun | נ, ן | ࠍ | [n] | ν | |
Samekh | ס | ࠎ | [s] | σ | |
Ayin | ע | ࠏ | [ʕ], [ʁ][4][5] | ∅1, γ4 | |
Pe | פ, ף | ࠐ | [p] | φ3, (π3) | |
Sadhe | צ, ץ | ࠑ | [sʼ][4][5] | σ | |
Qoph | ק | ࠒ | [q] or [kʼ][4][5] | κ | |
Resh | ר | ࠓ | [r] | ρ | |
Shin | ש | ࠔ | [ʃ], [ɬ][4][5] | σ | |
Taw | ת | ࠕ | [t] | θ3, (τ3) |
Close
- may be accompanied by vowel mutation[6]
- originally written with <σ> like the other sibilants, but later was written with <ζ>.[7]
- /k p t/ are consistently written in the Secunda by <χ φ θ>, but the Septuagint also occasionally uses <κ π τ>.[8]
- <χ γ> only in the Septuagint, when representing original /χ ʁ/
- <ου> as a consonant, <υ> as a consonant after vowels, <ου ω> as a mater lectionis[9]