Battle of Jalalabad (1989)
Battle in the Afghan Civil War of 1989–1992 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Battle of Jalalabad, also known as Operation Jalalabad [15] or the Jalalabad War, occurred in the spring of 1989. It involved the Seven-Party (Afghanistan mujahideen) Union based in Peshawar, also known as the Afghan Interim Government or the "Government in exile",[1][16] supported by the Pakistani intelligence agency ISI, attacked Jalalabad.[1][9] The ISI's Director Gul wanted to see a mujahideen government over Afghanistan,[9] led by Hekmatyar.[10][6]
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Battle of Jalalabad | |||||||
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Part of Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Republic of Afghanistan Supported by: Soviet Union |
Afghan Interim Government:[6][7][8] Al Qaeda (Arab Foreign Fighters) Supported by: | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Mohammad Najibullah |
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Mirza Aslam Beg[12] Commander Nasir Khan[7] | ||||||
Units involved | |||||||
Afghan Army[7]
Ministry of Interior:[7]
WAD:
Afghan National Guard:[7]
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Interim Afghan Government:
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Strength | |||||||
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan:
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Hezb-I-Islami Gulbuddin:[7]
Hezb-i Islami Khalis:[7]
Jamiat-e Islami:[7]
National Islamic Front of Afghanistan:[7]
Ittihad-i Islami:[7]
Al Qaeda:[7]
Jabha-i-Nejat-i-Melli:
Harakat-i-Enqelab-i-Islami:
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Casualties and losses | |||||||
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Al Qaeda:
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Civilian casualties: |
Analysts disagree as to whether Pakistan's Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto was totally kept in the dark about the ISI's plan to overturn Afghanistan[9] or was one of the instigators of this attack.[10] One analyst stated that also United States Ambassador to Pakistan Robert B. Oakley was exhortating[clarification needed] this mujahideen attack.[10]
The Americans reportedly were motivated by their wish to humiliate the Marxists and send them out of Afghanistan "clinging to their helicopters", thus avenge the fall of South Vietnam; Pakistan wished to establish a friendly government in Kabul that would not back Baloch and Pashtun separatists in western Pakistan.[17] The plan was for Jamiat-e Islami to close the Salang Pass, paralyzing the Afghan Government's supply lines.[18][19] The plan was to establish an interim government in Jalalabad which would be recognized by western nations as the legitimate government of Afghanistan.[18]