Aztreonam
Chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Aztreonam, sold under the brand name Azactam among others, is an antibiotic used primarily to treat infections caused by gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.[1][2] This may include bone infections, endometritis, intra abdominal infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis.[1] It is given by intravenous or intramuscular injection or by inhalation.[1]
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Trade names | Azactam, Cayston, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Routes of administration | Intravenous, intramuscular, inhalation |
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Bioavailability | 100% (IM) 0.1% (by mouth in rats) Unknown (by mouth in humans) |
Protein binding | 56% |
Metabolism | Liver (minor %) |
Elimination half-life | 1.7 hours |
Excretion | Kidney |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.071.652 |
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Formula | C13H17N5O8S2 |
Molar mass | 435.43 g·mol−1 |
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Melting point | 227 °C (441 °F) (dec.) |
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Common side effects when given by injection include pain at the site of injection, vomiting, and rash.[1] Common side effects when inhaled include wheezing, cough, and vomiting.[1] Serious side effects include Clostridium difficile infection and allergic reactions including anaphylaxis.[1] Those who are allergic to other β-lactam have a low rate of allergy to aztreonam.[1] Use in pregnancy appears to be safe.[1] It is in the monobactam family of medications.[1] Aztreonam inhibits cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking to cause bacterial death.[1]
Aztreonam was approved for medical use in the United States in 1986.[1] It was removed from the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines in 2019.[3][4] It is available as a generic medication.[1] It is a manufactured version of a chemical from the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum.[5] Aztreonam is available in a combination with avibactam (aztreonam/avibactam).